Prenatal diagnosis: what does four-dimensional ultrasound add?
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A. Kurjak
Abstract
Introduction: The key benefit of 4D ultrasound lies in providing real-time 3D images of embryonic or fetal movements, previously limited by technological advancement.
Aim: To classify types of first trimester embryonic and fetal movements in normal pregnancies as seen by 4D sonography.
Results: Three types of movements can be visualized in the first trimester: gross body between seven and eight weeks, limb movements after ten weeks and complex limb movements after 11 weeks of gestation.
Discussion: An alteration from the given pattern of motoric development should be considered as an indication for further investigation.
Conclusion: 4D ultrasound enables visualization of more details of the dynamics of small anatomical structures. Therefore, body and limb movements can be visualized a week earlier than with 2D.
Copyright © 2002 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG
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- Congress Calendar
- Erratum
- Roster of Perinatal Medicine
Artikel in diesem Heft
- 3D Ultrasound and Perinatal Medicine
- Screening for uterine abnormalities by three-dimensional ultrasound improves perinatal outcome
- Three-dimensional power Doppler in study of embryonic vasculogenesis
- The assessment of placental blood vessels by three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound
- Assessment of early chorionic circulation by three-dimensional power Doppler
- Limb deformities and three-dimensional ultrasound
- The assessment of fetal brain morphology and circulation by transvaginal 3D sonography and power Doppler
- Prenatal diagnosis: what does four-dimensional ultrasound add?
- Three-dimensional sonoembryology
- Three-dimensional ultrasound - a useful imaging technique in the assessment of neonatal brain
- Events from ovulation to implantation studied by three-dimensional ultrasound
- Multiple congenital contractures (Congenital multiple arthrogryposis)
- Two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound of fetal anasarca: the glass baby
- Congress Calendar
- Erratum
- Roster of Perinatal Medicine
