Microwave-enhanced release of formaldehyde from plywood
-
Abstract
The release of formaldehyde from plywood has been greatly reduced by treatment with microwave radiation. Formaldehyde emission in the air was measured before, during, and after 2.45-GHz microwave treatment. The concentration of formaldehyde released increased with microwave irradiation and, after the microwave treatment, decreased to a level below that of nontreated material. Microwaves were effective in releasing free formaldehyde from the plywood, which is preferable to it being emitted as “potential formaldehyde” via hydrolysis. Microwaves released formaldehyde from plywood samples more effectively compared to samples subjected to thermal energy from external heating. This suggests that microwaves directly activate free formaldehyde molecules, which have a polarity that is susceptible to microwaves. Microwave treatment is expected to be an effective way to reduce free formaldehyde emissions from wood-based materials containing resins.
References
European Committee for Standardization (1992) UNE EN 120. Wood based panels. Determination of formaldehyde content. Extraction method called perforator method.Search in Google Scholar
European Committee for Standardization (1996) EN 717-2. Wood-based panels. Determination of formaldehyde emission. Part 2: Formaldehyde release by the gas analysis method.Search in Google Scholar
Gibson, C., Matthews, I., Samuel, A. (1988) Microwave enhanced diffusion in polymeric materials. J. Microwave Power Electromagnetic Energy23:17–28.10.1080/08327823.1988.11688033Search in Google Scholar
Grigoriu, A. (1987) Formaldehyde release from edges and faces of various wood-based panels. Holz Roh- Werkstoff45:63–67.Search in Google Scholar
Hooda, U., Banerjee, S. (2000) Microwave-enhanced transport of chemicals into green wood under low-headspace conditions. Holzforschung54:331–333.10.1515/HF.2000.056Search in Google Scholar
Japanese agricultural standard (2000, 2003). Plywood, concrete form plywood, structural plywood, specialty plywood, fire retardant plywood, flame resistant plywood, flooring, glued laminated timber, structural glued laminated timber, laminated veneer lumber, structural laminated veneer lumber, structural panel. Classification on formaldehyde emission.Search in Google Scholar
Japanese industrial standard (2001) JIS A1460. Building board determination of formaldehyde emission – desiccation method.Search in Google Scholar
Meyer, B., Hermanns, K., Baker, V. (1986) Cellulose models for formaldehyde storage in wood: carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies. ACS symposium. pp. 67–75.10.1021/bk-1986-0316.ch006Search in Google Scholar
Tomita, B. (1997) Chemical mechanism of formaldehyde emission from urea-formaldehyde resins and improvement methods, Mokuzai Kogyo (Wood Industry)52:2–7.Search in Google Scholar
© Walter de Gruyter
Articles in the same Issue
- The effects of initial spacing on wood density, fibre and pulp properties in jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.)
- An improved procedure for isolation of residual lignins from hardwood kraft pulps
- Small angle scattering in the Porod region from hydrated paper sheets at varying humidities
- Application of confocal Raman spectroscopy for the topochemical distribution of lignin and cellulose in plant cell walls of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) compared to UV microspectrophotometry
- UV-microscopic analysis of acetylated spruce and birch cell walls
- On-line study of lignin behaviour in dilute alkaline solution by the SEC-UV method
- Extracellular diffusion pathway for heartwood substances in Albizia julibrissin Durazz.
- New glucosides from Eucalyptus globulus wood, bark and kraft pulps
- Nondestructive characterization of wood by monitoring of local elastic anisotropy and dynamic nonlinearity
- Chemical reaction of maritime pine sapwood (Pinus pinaster Soland) with alkoxysilane molecules: A study of chemical pathways
- Thermal forming of chemically modified wood to make high-performance plastic-like wood composites
- Eco-composite from poly(lactic acid) and bamboo fiber
- Bamboo fiber (BF)-filled poly(butylenes succinate) bio-composite – Effect of BF-e-MA on the properties and crystallization kinetics
- Dimensional changes in Corsican pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) modified with acetic anhydride measured using a helium pycnometer
- Microwave-enhanced release of formaldehyde from plywood
- Artificial weathering of tropical woods. Part 1: Changes in wettability
- Artificial weathering of tropical woods. Part 2: Color change
- Inhibition of fungal degradation of wood by 2-hydroxypyridine-N-oxide
- Microwave treatment to accelerate fixation of copper-ethanolamine (Cu-EA) treated wood
Articles in the same Issue
- The effects of initial spacing on wood density, fibre and pulp properties in jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.)
- An improved procedure for isolation of residual lignins from hardwood kraft pulps
- Small angle scattering in the Porod region from hydrated paper sheets at varying humidities
- Application of confocal Raman spectroscopy for the topochemical distribution of lignin and cellulose in plant cell walls of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) compared to UV microspectrophotometry
- UV-microscopic analysis of acetylated spruce and birch cell walls
- On-line study of lignin behaviour in dilute alkaline solution by the SEC-UV method
- Extracellular diffusion pathway for heartwood substances in Albizia julibrissin Durazz.
- New glucosides from Eucalyptus globulus wood, bark and kraft pulps
- Nondestructive characterization of wood by monitoring of local elastic anisotropy and dynamic nonlinearity
- Chemical reaction of maritime pine sapwood (Pinus pinaster Soland) with alkoxysilane molecules: A study of chemical pathways
- Thermal forming of chemically modified wood to make high-performance plastic-like wood composites
- Eco-composite from poly(lactic acid) and bamboo fiber
- Bamboo fiber (BF)-filled poly(butylenes succinate) bio-composite – Effect of BF-e-MA on the properties and crystallization kinetics
- Dimensional changes in Corsican pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) modified with acetic anhydride measured using a helium pycnometer
- Microwave-enhanced release of formaldehyde from plywood
- Artificial weathering of tropical woods. Part 1: Changes in wettability
- Artificial weathering of tropical woods. Part 2: Color change
- Inhibition of fungal degradation of wood by 2-hydroxypyridine-N-oxide
- Microwave treatment to accelerate fixation of copper-ethanolamine (Cu-EA) treated wood
