Comparing the Effect of CHL Background on Chinese Receptive Vocabulary Breadth Between Indonesian and Thai CS/FL Learners: A Mixed-Methods Study

References

Alamer, A., & Alrabai, F. (2022). The causal relationship between learner motivation and language achievement: A new dynamic perspective. Applied Linguistics, 44(1), 148-168. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amac03510.1093/applin/amac035Search in Google Scholar

Ashcroft, R. J., Cvitkovic, R., & Praver, M. (2018). Digital flashcard L2 vocabulary learning outperforms traditional flashcards at lower proficiency levels: A mixed-methods study of 139 Japanese university students. The EuroCALL Review, 26(1), 14-28. https://doi.org/10.4995/eurocall.2018.788110.4995/eurocall.2018.7881Search in Google Scholar

Baker, C., Baker, C. J., & Phongpaichit, P. (2022). A history of Thailand. Cambridge University Press.10.1017/9781009029797Search in Google Scholar

Benmamoun, E., Montrul, S., & Polinsky, M. (2013). Heritage languages and their speakers: Opportunities and challenges for linguistics. Theoretical Linguistics, 39(3-4), 129-181. https://doi.org/10.1515/tl-2013-000910.1515/tl-2013-0009Search in Google Scholar

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa10.1191/1478088706qp063oaSearch in Google Scholar

Briggs, J. G. (2016). A mixed-methods study of vocabulary-related strategic behavior in informal L2 contact. Study Abroad Research in Second Language Acquisition and International Education, 1(1), 61-87. https://doi.org/10.1075/sar.1.1.03bri10.1075/sar.1.1.03briSearch in Google Scholar

Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Harvard University Press.10.4159/9780674028845Search in Google Scholar

Bronfenbrenner, U. (1986). Ecology of the family as a context for human development: Research perspectives. Developmental Psychology, 22(6), 723-742. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.22.6.72310.1037//0012-1649.22.6.723Search in Google Scholar

Carreira, M., & Kagan, O. (2011). The results of the National Heritage Language Survey: Implications for teaching, curriculum design, and professional development. Foreign Language Annals, 44(1), 40-64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2010.01118.x10.1111/j.1944-9720.2010.01118.xSearch in Google Scholar

Carreira, M., & Kagan, O. (2018). Heritage language education: A proposal for the next 50 years. Foreign Language Annals, 51(1), 152-168. https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.1233110.1111/flan.12331Search in Google Scholar

Chong, S. W., Isaacs, T., & McKinley, J. (2023). Ecological systems theory and second language research. Language Teaching, 56(3), 333-348. https://doi.org/10.1017/S026144482200028310.1017/S0261444822000283Search in Google Scholar

Comanaru, R., & Noels, K. A. (2009). Self-determination, motivation, and the learning of Chinese as a heritage language. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 66(1), 131-158. https://doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.66.1.13110.3138/cmlr.66.1.131Search in Google Scholar

Daller, H., Milton, J., & Treffers-Daller, J. (Eds.). (2007). Modelling and assessing vocabulary knowledge. Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511667268Search in Google Scholar

Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The psychology of the language learner: Individual differences in second language acquisition. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Search in Google Scholar

Driver, M. Y. (2020). Emotion, motivation, and vocabulary learning: A study of heritage and foreign language learners of Spanish (Publication Number 28031445) [Doctoral dissertation, Georgetown University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.Search in Google Scholar

Drummond, A. (2018). Investigating the relationship between IELTS scores and receptive vocabulary size. Journal of the Foundation Year Network, 1, 113-125.Search in Google Scholar

Gharibi, K., & Boers, F. (2017). Influential factors in incomplete acquisition and attrition of young heritage speakers’ vocabulary knowledge. Language Acquisition, 24(1), 52-69. https://doi.org/10.1080/10489223.2016.118761310.1080/10489223.2016.1187613Search in Google Scholar

Griffiths, C., & Soruç, A. (2021). Individual differences in language learning and teaching: A complex/ dynamic/socio-ecological/holistic view. English Teaching & Learning, 45(3), 339-353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42321-021-00085-310.1007/s42321-021-00085-3Search in Google Scholar

Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., Anderson, R., & Tatham, R. (2006). Multivariate data analysis. Pearson Prentice Hall.Search in Google Scholar

He, A. W. (2010). The heart of heritage: Sociocultural dimensions of heritage language learning. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 30, 66-82. https://doi.org/10.1017/S026719051000007310.1017/S0267190510000073Search in Google Scholar

He, F., & Liang, Y. (2021). 新西兰与泰国中小学生汉语学习策略比较研究 [A comparative study of Chinese learning strategies for primary and secondary school students in New Zealand and Thailand]. TCSOL Studies, (3), 70-78.Search in Google Scholar

Huang, H. (2019). Understanding tertiary Chinese language learners’ needs: A cross-curricular perspective. Routledge.10.4324/9781315104652-24Search in Google Scholar

Hulstijn, J. H. (2012). The construct of language proficiency in the study of bilingualism from a cognitive perspective. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 15(2), 422-433. https://doi.org/10.1017/S136672891100067810.1017/S1366728911000678Search in Google Scholar

Ivankova, N. V., & Creswell, J. W. (2009). Mixed methods. In J. Heigham & R. A. Croker (Eds.), Qualitative research in applied linguistics: A practical introduction (pp. 135-161). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230239517_710.1057/9780230239517_7Search in Google Scholar

Janebi Enayat, M., & Haghighatpasand, M. (2019). Exploiting adventure video games for second language vocabulary recall: A mixed-methods study. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 13(1), 61-75. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2017.135927610.1080/17501229.2017.1359276Search in Google Scholar

Jia, G., Chen, J., Kim, H., Chan, P.-S., & Jeung, C. (2014). Bilingual lexical skills of school-age children with Chinese and Korean heritage languages in the United States. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 38(4), 350-358. https://doi.org/10.1177/016502541453322410.1177/0165025414533224Search in Google Scholar

Jiang, J. P. L. (1966). The Chinese in Thailand: Past and present. Journal of Southeast Asian History, 7(1), 39-65. https://doi.org/10.1017/S021778110000311210.1017/S0217781100003112Search in Google Scholar

Kirkpatrick, A., & Liddicoat, A. J. (Eds.). (2019). The Routledge international handbook of language education policy in Asia. Routledge.10.4324/9781315666235Search in Google Scholar

Kong, Y. (1999). 中国印度尼西亚文化交流[Culture exchange between China and Indonesia]. Peking University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Larsen-Freeman, D. (2018). Looking ahead: Future directions in, and future research into, second language acquisition. Foreign Language Annals, 51(1), 55-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.1231410.1111/flan.12314Search in Google Scholar

Lei, L., & Liu, D. (2018). Research trends in applied linguistics from 2005 to 2016: A bibliometric analysis and its implications. Applied Linguistics, 40(3), 540-561. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amy00310.1093/applin/amy003Search in Google Scholar

Lei, L., & Liu, D. (2019). The research trends and contributions of System’s publications over the past four decades (1973–2017): A bibliometric analysis. System, 80, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2018.10.00310.1016/j.system.2018.10.003Search in Google Scholar

Li, G., Gunderson, L., Sun, Z., & Lin, Z. (2021). Early Chinese heritage language learning in Canada: A study of Mandarin- and Cantonese-speaking children’s receptive vocabulary attainment. System, 103, 102636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2021.10263610.1016/j.system.2021.102636Search in Google Scholar

Li, P., Sepanski, S., & Zhao, X. (2006). Language history questionnaire: A web-based interface for bilingual research. Behavior Research Methods, 38(2), 202-210. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF0319277010.3758/BF03192770Search in Google Scholar

Li, Y., & Wang, C. (2018). 全球视域中的汉语功能 [Functions of the Chinese language in a global vision]. Journal of Yunnan Normal University (Humanities and Social Sciences Edition), 50(5), 17-26.Search in Google Scholar

Li, Y., & Wang, C. (2019). 论语言的功能分类 [On functional classification of languages]. Contemporary Linguistics, (1), 1-22.Search in Google Scholar

Lindsey, T., & Pausacker, H. (2005). Chinese Indonesians: Remembering, distorting, forgetting. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.10.1355/9789812305442Search in Google Scholar

Lohndal, T., Rothman, J., Kupisch, T., & Westergaard, M. (2019). Heritage language acquisition: What it reveals and why it is important for formal linguistic theories. Language and Linguistics Compass, 13 (12), e12357. https://doi.org/10.1111/lnc3.1235710.1111/lnc3.12357Search in Google Scholar

Luo, H., Li, Y., & Li, M.-Y. (2019). Heritage language education in the United States: A national survey of college-level Chinese language programs. Foreign Language Annals, 52(1), 101-120. https://doi.org//10.1111/flan.1237810.1111/flan.12378Search in Google Scholar

Luo, Q. (2021). 泰国高校汉语专业设置的历史、现状及优化建议 [The history, current situation and optimization suggestions on Chinese major setting in universities of Thailand]. Chinese Culture and Teaching in the World, (2), 3-23.Search in Google Scholar

Mackey, A., & Bryfonski, L. (2018). Mixed methodology. In A. Phakiti, P. De Costa, L. Plonsky, & S. Starfield (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of applied linguistics research methodology (pp. 103-121). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59900-1_510.1057/978-1-137-59900-1_5Search in Google Scholar

Miralpeix, I., & Muñoz, C. (2018). Receptive vocabulary size and its relationship to EFL language skills. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 56(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1515/iral-2017-001610.1515/iral-2017-0016Search in Google Scholar

Mitchell, R., Myles, F., & Marsden, E. (Eds.). (2019). Second language learning theories. Routledge.10.4324/9781315617046Search in Google Scholar

Montrul, S. (2008). Second language acquisition welcomes the heritage language learner: Opportunities of a new field. Second Language Research, 24, 487-506. https://doi.org/10.1177/026765830809573810.1177/0267658308095738Search in Google Scholar

Montrul, S. (2010). Current issues in heritage language acquisition. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 30, 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1017/S026719051000010310.1017/S0267190510000103Search in Google Scholar

Montrul, S., & Polinsky, M. (2021). The Cambridge handbook of heritage languages and linguistics. Cambridge University Press.10.1017/9781108766340Search in Google Scholar

Mori, Y., & Calder, T. M. (2017). The role of parental support and family variables in L1 and L2 vocabulary development of Japanese heritage language students in the United States. Foreign Language Annals, 50(4), 754-775. https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.1230410.1111/flan.12304Search in Google Scholar

Mu, G. M. (2014). Learning Chinese as a heritage language in Australia and beyond: The role of capital. Language and Education, 28(5), 477-492. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500782.2014.90890510.1080/09500782.2014.908905Search in Google Scholar

Mu, G. M., & Dooley, K. (2015). Coming into an inheritance: Family support and Chinese heritage language learning. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 18(4), 501-515. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2014.92825810.1080/13670050.2014.928258Search in Google Scholar

Mujtaba, S. M., Kamyabi Gol, A., & Parkash, R. (2021). A study on the relationship between language aptitude, vocabulary size, working memory, and L2 writing accuracy. Foreign Language Annals, 54(4), 1059-1081. https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.1258410.1111/flan.12584Search in Google Scholar

Nation, I. S. P. (1983). Testing and teaching vocabulary. Guidelines, 5(1), 12-25.Search in Google Scholar

Nation, I. S. P., & Anthony, L. (2017). Measuring vocabulary size. In E. Hinkel (Ed.), Handbook of research in second language teaching and learning (pp. 355-368). Routledge.10.4324/9781315716893-26Search in Google Scholar

Nation, I. S. P., & Coxhead, A. (2021). Measuring native-speaker vocabulary size. John Benjamins.10.1075/z.233Search in Google Scholar

Ni, C., Wang, Z., Wang, J., & Jiang, M. (2004). 外国留学生的汉语语言态度调查 [Investigation of the attitudes towards Chinese of foreign students learning Chinese as a second language]. Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies, (4), 56-66.Search in Google Scholar

Park, H. I., Solon, M., Dehghan-Chaleshtori, M., & Ghanbar, H. (2022). Proficiency reporting practices in research on second language acquisition: Have we made any progress? Language Learning, 72(1), 198-236. https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.1247510.1111/lang.12475Search in Google Scholar

Polinsky, M., & Scontras, G. (2020). Understanding heritage languages. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 23(1), 4-20. https://doi.org/10.1017/S136672891900024510.1017/S1366728919000245Search in Google Scholar

Pu, C. (2019). Teaching Chinese as a heritage language. In C. Shei, M. E. M. Zikpi, & D.-L. Chao (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of Chinese language teaching (pp. 64-77). Routledge.10.4324/9781315104652-5Search in Google Scholar

Qian, X. (2002). 词汇量测试研究初探 [A tentative study on measuring vocabulary size]. Chinese Teaching in the World, (4), 54-62.Search in Google Scholar

Reynolds, B. L., Zhang, X., & Ding, C. (2023). A mixed-methods study of English vocabulary for medical purposes: Medical students’ needs, difficulties, and strategies. Applied Linguistics Review, 14(3), 643-678. https://doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2020-011910.1515/applirev-2020-0119Search in Google Scholar

Riazi, A. M., & Candlin, C. N. (2014). Mixed-methods research in language teaching and learning: Opportunities, issues and challenges. Language Teaching, 47(2), 135-173. https://doi.org/1017/S026144481300050510.1017/S0261444813000505Search in Google Scholar

Romagnoli, C., & Conti, S. (2019). How and how much? Vocabulary learning strategies and vocabulary size in CFL. Chinese as a Second Language, 54(2), 93-121. https://doi.org/10.1075/csl.18006.rom10.1075/csl.18006.romSearch in Google Scholar

Schmitt, N. (2010). Researching vocabulary: A vocabulary research manual. Palgrave Macmillan.10.1057/9780230293977Search in Google Scholar

Shao, M. (2018). 汉语继承语学习者家庭因素和学习动机研究——以日本汉语继承语学习者为例 [A study of the family influences and learning motivations of Chinese heritage language learners: The case of Chinese heritage language learners in Japan]. TCSOL Studies, (2), 53-63.Search in Google Scholar

Shao, M. (2023). 印尼华裔青少年中华语言文化认同和传承状况研究 [A study on the identity and inheritance of Chinese language and culture among Indonesian Chinese adolescents]. International Chinese Language Education, 8(4), 12-20.Search in Google Scholar

Shen, H. H. (2009). Size and strength: Written vocabulary acquisition among advanced learners. Chinese Teaching in the World, 23(1), 74-85.Search in Google Scholar

Shen, L. (2017). 东南亚新生代华裔文化认同的国别比较研究 [A comparative study of the Chinese cultural identity of overseas Chinese teenagers in Southeast Asian countries]. Journal of Research on Education for Ethnic Minorities, 28(6), 124-129.Search in Google Scholar

Skinner, G. W. (1957). Chinese assimilation and Thai politics. The Journal of Asian Studies, 16(2), 237-250. https://doi.org/10.2307/294138110.2307/2941381Search in Google Scholar

Song, F. (2016). 东南亚特色华语词汇的区域和国别比较研究 [A comparative study on characteristic Chinese words used in different regions and countries of the Southeast Asia]. Yuyan Wenzi Yingyong (Applied Linguistics), (4), 108-115.Search in Google Scholar

Song, F. (2019). 东南亚华语与汉语普通话异名同实词汇的量化比较研究 [Quantitative and comparative study on the synonyms between Southeast Asian Chinese and Mandarin]. International Chinese Language Education, 4(2), 4-12.Search in Google Scholar

Song, R., Wang, Y., & Shi, J. (2023). 泰国汉语继承语学习者学习动机类型与学习投入研究 [Motivation types and learning commitment among heritage speakers of Chinese in Thailand]. International Chinese Language Education, 8(4), 29-37.Search in Google Scholar

Song, Y., & Ma, Q. (2021). Affordances of a mobile learner-generated tool for pupils’ English as a second language vocabulary learning: An ecological perspective. British Journal of Educational Technology, 52(2), 858-878. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.1303710.1111/bjet.13037Search in Google Scholar

Soyoof, A., Reynolds, B. L., Shadiev, R., & Vazquez-Calvo, B. (2022). A mixed-methods study of the incidental acquisition of foreign language vocabulary and healthcare knowledge through serious game play. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 37(1-2), 1-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2021.202124210.1080/09588221.2021.2021242Search in Google Scholar

The State Language Affairs Commission. (2021). 国际中文教育中文水平等级标准 [Chinese proficiency grading standards for international Chinese language education]. Beijing Language and Culture University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Sun, H., & Verspoor, M. (2020). Mandarin vocabulary growth, teacher qualifications and teacher talk in child heritage language learners. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 25(6), 1- 16. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2020.183581310.1080/13670050.2020.1835813Search in Google Scholar

Sun, H., Waschl, N., & Veera, R. (2022). Language experience and bilingual children’s heritage language learning. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 44(5), 1356-1383. https://doi.org/10.1017/S027226312100094210.1017/S0272263121000942Search in Google Scholar

Tam, H. W.-Y., & Kim, S.-A. (2021). Strategies used in learning Chinese vocabulary by adolescent Mandarin-Korean bilinguals in South Korea. International Journal of Multilingualism, 21(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2021.200415210.1080/14790718.2021.2004152Search in Google Scholar

Tashakkori, A., Johnson, R. B., & Teddlie, C. (2020). Foundations of mixed methods research: Integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches in the social and behavioral sciences. Sage.Search in Google Scholar

Thomas, M. (1994). Assessment of L2 proficiency in second language acquisition research. Language Learning, 44(2), 307-336. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1994.tb01104.x10.1111/j.1467-1770.1994.tb01104.xSearch in Google Scholar

Tremblay, A. (2011). Proficiency assessment standards in second language acquisition research: “Clozing” the gap. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 33(3), 339-372. https://doi.org/10.1017/S027226311100001510.1017/S0272263111000015Search in Google Scholar

Uchihara, T., & Clenton, J. (2018). Investigating the role of vocabulary size in second language speaking ability. Language Teaching Research, 24(2), 540–556. https://doi.org/10.1177/136216881879937110.1177/1362168818799371Search in Google Scholar

Valdés, G. (2005). Bilingualism, heritage language learners, and SLA research: Opportunities lost or seized? The Modern Language Journal, 89(3), 410-426. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2005.00314.x10.1111/j.1540-4781.2005.00314.xSearch in Google Scholar

Vanbuel, M., Boderé, A., Torfs, K., & Jaspaert, K. (2018). Vocabulary acquisition in Moroccan- and Turkish-heritage children: A comparative study. International Journal of Bilingualism, 22(1), 38-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/136700691665213910.1177/1367006916652139Search in Google Scholar

VanPatten, B., & Williams, J. (Eds.). (2015). Theories in second language acquisition. Routledge.10.4324/9780203628942Search in Google Scholar

Wang, J., & Deng, A. (2020). 来华留学预科生汉语词汇知识测评设计 [The design of the basic Chinese vocabulary knowledge test for pre-university students studying in China]. Journal of China Examinations, (12), 23-29.Search in Google Scholar

Wang, Y. (2018). Vocabulary-learning strategies of students learning Chinese as a foreign language in an intensive-training setting [Doctoral dissertation, University of San Francisco]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.Search in Google Scholar

Wang, Y., & Zhang, X. (2023). 印尼华文报刊中华语词汇与普通话差异探微 [Study on the lexical differences between Indonesian Chinese and Putonghua in Indonesian Chinese newspapers]. Linguistics in Southern China, (21), 241-255.Search in Google Scholar

Wei, Y., Wang, J., Wei, H., Wen, T., & Li, K. (2012). 影响美国华裔母语保持的个体及社会心理因素 [A survey of individual and sociopsychological factors on the language maintenance of American-Chinese heritage language]. Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies, (1), 99-106.Search in Google Scholar

Wen, T. (2009). 不同文化距离下的态度与习得水平调查研究 [Research of attitude and SLA level under different culture distances]. Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies, (3), 67-73.Search in Google Scholar

Wen, X. (2011). Chinese language learning motivation: A comparative study of heritage and non-heritage learners. Heritage Language Journal, 8(3), 333-358. https://doi.org/10.46538/hlj.8.3.310.46538/hlj.8.3.3Search in Google Scholar

Wen, X. (2013). 汉语为外语的学习情感态度、动机研究 [A study of Chinese language learning attitudes and motivation]. Chinese Teaching in the World, 27(1), 73-85.Search in Google Scholar

Willard, J. A., Agache, A., Jäkel, J., Glück, C. W., & Leyendecker, B. (2014). Family factors predicting vocabulary in Turkish as a heritage language. Applied Psycholinguistics, 36(4), 875-898. https://doi.org/10.1017/S014271641300054410.1017/S0142716413000544Search in Google Scholar

Xing, M., & Liu, Y. (2019). 东南亚国家汉语考试体系化建设研究 [A study of the systematic development of Chinese testing ecology in Southeast Asian Countries]. Journal of Research on Education for Ethnic Minorities, (1), 145-151.Search in Google Scholar

Xu, W., Zhang, H., Sukjairungwattana, P., & Wang, T. (2022). The roles of motivation, anxiety and learning strategies in online Chinese learning among Thai learners of Chinese as a foreign language. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 962492. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.96249210.3389/fpsyg.2022.962492Search in Google Scholar

Yang, J., & Yu, Y. (2007). 东南亚华裔新生代的祖籍记忆——马来西亚、泰国、印度尼西亚个案比较 [The memory of ancestral home among the new generations of ethnic Chinese: A comparative case study of Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia]. Journal of World Peoples Studies, (6), 42-49.Search in Google Scholar

Yang, Y. (2017). Vocabulary learning strategies used by L1 English speakers learning Chinese as a foreign language [Doctoral dissertation, King’s College London]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.Search in Google Scholar

Zeng, Z., & Yang, H. (2017). 东南亚地区孔子学院分布及影响因素分析 [Analysis of the distribution of Confucius Institutes in Southeast Asia and the relevant influencing factors]. Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies, (3), 63-71.Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, D., & Koda, K. (2011). Home literacy environment and word knowledge development: A study of young learners of Chinese as a heritage language. Bilingual Research Journal, 34(1), 4-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/15235882.2011.56859110.1080/15235882.2011.568591Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, H. (2018). 研究用汉语水平分级测试方法对研究结果的影响 [The influence of different L2 Chinese proficiency measurements on the results of CSL research]. Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies, (6), 14-23.Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, H. (2021). 汉语水平分级测试方法对研究结果的影响再探 [A further study on the influence of Chinese language proficiency tests on the research results]. Chinese Language in the World, 5, 37-46.Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, H., & Jiang, Y. (2018). 全球高校开设汉语专业情况报告（2015—2016）[A global survey of the Chinese language majors in higher education (2015-2016)]. In Y. Wu (Ed.), 汉语国际教育发展报告（2015—2016）[Annual report on international Chinese language education (2015-2016)] (pp. 121-155). Social Sciences Academic Press (China).Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, H., Jiang, Y., & Yang, J. (2020). Investigating the influence of different L2 proficiency measures on research results. Sage Open, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/215824402092060410.1177/2158244020920604Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, H., & Koda, K. (2018). Vocabulary knowledge and morphological awareness in Chinese as a heritage language (CHL) reading comprehension ability. Reading and Writing, 31(1), 53-74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-017-9773-x10.1007/s11145-017-9773-xSearch in Google Scholar

Zhang, H., Sun, P., Bianglae, Y., & Widiawati, W. (2024). The development of a Chinese vocabulary proficiency test (CVPT) for learners of Chinese as a second/foreign language. Language Testing, 41(2), 412-442. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265532223121999810.1177/02655322231219998Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, J. (2017). 汉语第二语言学习者接受性词汇量实证研究 [Investigating into receptive vocabulary size of second language learners of Chinese]. Yuyan Wenzi Yingyong (Applied Linguistics), (3), 125-133.Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, X. (2019). A bibliometric analysis of second language acquisition between 1997 and 2018. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 42(1), 199-222. https://doi.org/10.1017/S027226311900057310.1017/S0272263119000573Search in Google Scholar

Zheng, J. (2013). 印尼棉兰华裔学生汉语语言态度调查分析 [Attitudes of the Indonesian students of Chinese origin in Medan of Indonesia]. Journal of Yunnan Normal University (Teaching & Studying Chinese as a Foreign Language Edition), 11(5), 63-69.Search in Google Scholar

Zhong, X., & Liu, H. (2022). A bibliometric analysis of the IRAL over the past six decades. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching. https://doi.org/10.1515/iral-2022-008810.1515/iral-2022-0088Search in Google Scholar

Zhu, W., & Wang, J. (2012). 跨文化族群的认同比较研究与汉语传播策略 [A study of cross-cultural groups’ identity with the target-language community and strategies for Chinese language popularity]. Journal of Yunnan Normal University (Teaching & Studying Chinese as a Foreign Language Edition), 10(3), 65-71.Search in Google Scholar

Zhu, X., & Huang, S. (2013). 印尼苏北华语口语词汇与现代汉语词汇差异调查 [A survey on discrepancies of vocabulary between modern Chinese and oral Mandarin in Medan Indonesia]. TCSOL Studies, (1), 54-62.Search in Google Scholar

Zyzik, E. (2016). Toward a prototype model of the heritage language learner: Understanding strengths and needs. In M. Fairclough, S. M. Beaudrie, & A. Roca (Eds.), Innovative strategies for heritage language teaching: A practical guide for the classroom (pp. 19-38). Georgetown University Press.Search in Google Scholar