Dyslipidemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Relationships between Lipids, Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease
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Wendy P. Battisti
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most prevalent complication and primarily accounts for the excess morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients, but microvascular complications, such as kidney disease and retinopathy, are frequent and contribute to the total disease burden.
Lipid abnormalities in patients with type 2 diabetes are a major problem and associated with the increased risk of CVD. The most common pattern of dyslipidemia in these patients consists of elevated levels of triglycerides and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Low-density lipoprotein levels in these patients are often similar to that of the nondiabetic population, although there may be important qualitative differences in the pattern that contribute to the increased risk of CVD.
Abnormal levels of urinary albumin occur in 30–40% of patients with type 2 diabetes and the presence of kidney disease enhances the mortality from CVD. Microalbuminuria, an early marker of diabetic nephropathy, is an independent risk factor for CVD. The increased levels of urinary albumin secretion may represent a more generalized vascular damage than renal microvascular injury alone.
This Review focuses on the significance of diabetic dyslipidemia and microalbuminuria to CVD risk as well as to kidney complications. We also discuss the role of aggressive therapy to ameliorate vascular injury in the diabetic patient and reduce or prevent the cardiovascular and renal consequences of the disease.
Copyright © 2003 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG
Articles in the same Issue
- Editors' Introduction: Welcome to the Special Issue on Diabetes Mellitus
- Linking Research and Innovative Clinical Practice: The Story of Diabetes Mellitus
- Insulin Resistant States and Insulin Signaling
- Diabesity: An Inflammatory Metabolic Condition
- Plasma Adiponectin and Hyperglycaemia in Diabetic Patients
- Platelet Function and Acetyl-Coenzyme A Metabolism in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
- Oxidative Stress in Diabetes
- Carbonyl Stress and Diabetic Complications
- Chemical Modification of Proteins by Lipids in Diabetes
- Glyoxal and Methylglyoxal Levels in Diabetic Patients: Quantitative Determination by a New GC/MS Method
- Dyslipidemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Relationships between Lipids, Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease
- Haemoglobin A1c – A Marker for Complications of Type 2 Diabetes: The Experience from the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS)
- Glycated Hemoglobin Standardization – National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP) Perspective
- Haemoglobin A1c: Analysis and Standardisation
- Point-of-Care Testing in Diabetes Mellitus
- Evaluation of Portable Blood Glucose Meters. Problems and Recommendations
- Measurements of Glucose on the Skin Surface, in Stratum Corneum and in Transcutaneous Extracts: Implications for Physiological Sampling
- Biological Variability of Albumin Excretion Rate and Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio in Hypertensive Type 2 Diabetic Patients
- Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation of Specific Chemiluminescence Assays for Intact and Total Proinsulin
- Clinical Impact of the New Criteria for the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
- The Effect of the New ADA and WHO Guidelines on the Number of Diagnosed Cases of Diabetes Mellitus
- Detecting Type 2 Diabetes by a Single Post-Challenge Blood Sample
- Laboratory Tests in Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus. Practical Considerations
- Obesity, Glucose Intolerance and Diabetes and Their Links to Cardiovascular Disease. Implications for Laboratory Medicine
- Meetings and Awards
Articles in the same Issue
- Editors' Introduction: Welcome to the Special Issue on Diabetes Mellitus
- Linking Research and Innovative Clinical Practice: The Story of Diabetes Mellitus
- Insulin Resistant States and Insulin Signaling
- Diabesity: An Inflammatory Metabolic Condition
- Plasma Adiponectin and Hyperglycaemia in Diabetic Patients
- Platelet Function and Acetyl-Coenzyme A Metabolism in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
- Oxidative Stress in Diabetes
- Carbonyl Stress and Diabetic Complications
- Chemical Modification of Proteins by Lipids in Diabetes
- Glyoxal and Methylglyoxal Levels in Diabetic Patients: Quantitative Determination by a New GC/MS Method
- Dyslipidemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Relationships between Lipids, Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease
- Haemoglobin A1c – A Marker for Complications of Type 2 Diabetes: The Experience from the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS)
- Glycated Hemoglobin Standardization – National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP) Perspective
- Haemoglobin A1c: Analysis and Standardisation
- Point-of-Care Testing in Diabetes Mellitus
- Evaluation of Portable Blood Glucose Meters. Problems and Recommendations
- Measurements of Glucose on the Skin Surface, in Stratum Corneum and in Transcutaneous Extracts: Implications for Physiological Sampling
- Biological Variability of Albumin Excretion Rate and Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio in Hypertensive Type 2 Diabetic Patients
- Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation of Specific Chemiluminescence Assays for Intact and Total Proinsulin
- Clinical Impact of the New Criteria for the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
- The Effect of the New ADA and WHO Guidelines on the Number of Diagnosed Cases of Diabetes Mellitus
- Detecting Type 2 Diabetes by a Single Post-Challenge Blood Sample
- Laboratory Tests in Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus. Practical Considerations
- Obesity, Glucose Intolerance and Diabetes and Their Links to Cardiovascular Disease. Implications for Laboratory Medicine
- Meetings and Awards
