Glyoxal and Methylglyoxal Levels in Diabetic Patients: Quantitative Determination by a New GC/MS Method
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Annunziata Lapolla
Abstract
Determination of glyoxal and methylglyoxal levels in plasma is of great interest, since it allows us to evaluate oxidation processes occurring in glycated proteins. A method based on a simple derivatization procedure followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis has been developed. Ten diabetic patients were evaluated before and after improvement of glycemic control. Fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), advanced glycation end products (AGE), pentosidine, glyoxal and methylglyoxal levels were measured. The percentage decreases of the levels of fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c and AGE were larger than those of pentosidine, glyoxal and methylglyoxal. These results may be explained by considering the different position of these compounds in the Maillard reaction pathways: these two sets of metabolic parameters give different pictures of patients' metabolic control. The measurement of glyoxal and methylglyoxal may be particularly important in the evaluation of the possible effect of oxidative stress. Other metabolic pathways can contribute to glyoxal production, and the observed minor decrease in these compounds can be, in principle, ascribed to such effect. However, a similar behavior of pentosidine indicates that these alternative pathways can be only partially responsible for glyoxal and methylglyoxal production.
Copyright © 2003 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG
Articles in the same Issue
- Editors' Introduction: Welcome to the Special Issue on Diabetes Mellitus
- Linking Research and Innovative Clinical Practice: The Story of Diabetes Mellitus
- Insulin Resistant States and Insulin Signaling
- Diabesity: An Inflammatory Metabolic Condition
- Plasma Adiponectin and Hyperglycaemia in Diabetic Patients
- Platelet Function and Acetyl-Coenzyme A Metabolism in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
- Oxidative Stress in Diabetes
- Carbonyl Stress and Diabetic Complications
- Chemical Modification of Proteins by Lipids in Diabetes
- Glyoxal and Methylglyoxal Levels in Diabetic Patients: Quantitative Determination by a New GC/MS Method
- Dyslipidemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Relationships between Lipids, Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease
- Haemoglobin A1c – A Marker for Complications of Type 2 Diabetes: The Experience from the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS)
- Glycated Hemoglobin Standardization – National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP) Perspective
- Haemoglobin A1c: Analysis and Standardisation
- Point-of-Care Testing in Diabetes Mellitus
- Evaluation of Portable Blood Glucose Meters. Problems and Recommendations
- Measurements of Glucose on the Skin Surface, in Stratum Corneum and in Transcutaneous Extracts: Implications for Physiological Sampling
- Biological Variability of Albumin Excretion Rate and Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio in Hypertensive Type 2 Diabetic Patients
- Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation of Specific Chemiluminescence Assays for Intact and Total Proinsulin
- Clinical Impact of the New Criteria for the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
- The Effect of the New ADA and WHO Guidelines on the Number of Diagnosed Cases of Diabetes Mellitus
- Detecting Type 2 Diabetes by a Single Post-Challenge Blood Sample
- Laboratory Tests in Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus. Practical Considerations
- Obesity, Glucose Intolerance and Diabetes and Their Links to Cardiovascular Disease. Implications for Laboratory Medicine
- Meetings and Awards
Articles in the same Issue
- Editors' Introduction: Welcome to the Special Issue on Diabetes Mellitus
- Linking Research and Innovative Clinical Practice: The Story of Diabetes Mellitus
- Insulin Resistant States and Insulin Signaling
- Diabesity: An Inflammatory Metabolic Condition
- Plasma Adiponectin and Hyperglycaemia in Diabetic Patients
- Platelet Function and Acetyl-Coenzyme A Metabolism in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
- Oxidative Stress in Diabetes
- Carbonyl Stress and Diabetic Complications
- Chemical Modification of Proteins by Lipids in Diabetes
- Glyoxal and Methylglyoxal Levels in Diabetic Patients: Quantitative Determination by a New GC/MS Method
- Dyslipidemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Relationships between Lipids, Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease
- Haemoglobin A1c – A Marker for Complications of Type 2 Diabetes: The Experience from the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS)
- Glycated Hemoglobin Standardization – National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP) Perspective
- Haemoglobin A1c: Analysis and Standardisation
- Point-of-Care Testing in Diabetes Mellitus
- Evaluation of Portable Blood Glucose Meters. Problems and Recommendations
- Measurements of Glucose on the Skin Surface, in Stratum Corneum and in Transcutaneous Extracts: Implications for Physiological Sampling
- Biological Variability of Albumin Excretion Rate and Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio in Hypertensive Type 2 Diabetic Patients
- Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation of Specific Chemiluminescence Assays for Intact and Total Proinsulin
- Clinical Impact of the New Criteria for the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
- The Effect of the New ADA and WHO Guidelines on the Number of Diagnosed Cases of Diabetes Mellitus
- Detecting Type 2 Diabetes by a Single Post-Challenge Blood Sample
- Laboratory Tests in Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus. Practical Considerations
- Obesity, Glucose Intolerance and Diabetes and Their Links to Cardiovascular Disease. Implications for Laboratory Medicine
- Meetings and Awards
