Hippuric Acid as a Modifier of Calcium Oxalate Crystallisation
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Norbert Laube
Abstract
Hippuric acid (HA) originating from the conjugation of benzoic acid with glycine is a physiological component of human urine. Findings suggest that HA inhibits calcium oxalate (CaOx) growth and considerably enhances the CaOx solubility in artificial urine. Thus, it is assumed that HA is a major modifier of CaOx formation. However, only a slight CaOx growth inhibition of 1–8 ％ was also reported. These values were also derived from artificial urine. The key mechanism, which led HA to be of interest in urolithiasis research is the fact that in presence of Ca2+ ions HA can form a hippurate complex. By forming such a complex, Ca2+ concentration in urine decreases, and as a consequence, CaOx formation is inhibited.
This study was performed in order to clarify the role of HA in native and artificial urine. Biochemical analyses to calculate the relative CaOx supersaturations and crystallisation experiments using an in-line laser probe were examined. BONN Risk Indices indicating the risk of CaOx crystallisation were calculated from the results of the crystallisation experiments.
The results obtained from artificial as well as from native urines showed that HA has no significant effects on CaOx formation. We suggest that HA plays only a minor role as a crystallisation modifier in human urine.
Copyright © 2001 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG
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- Autoantibodies Associated with Rheumatic Diseases
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- Hippuric Acid Test Using 13C-Labelling and NMR Spectroscopy
- Hippuric Acid as a Modifier of Calcium Oxalate Crystallisation
- Excretion of Sweat and Urine Pyridinoline Crosslinks in Healthy Controls and Subjects with Established Metabolic Bone Disease
- Hyperhomocysteinemia and Changed Plasma Thiol Redox Status in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- Biochemical Evaluation of Oxidative Stress during Exercise in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease
- Prognostic Significance of the Presence of Erythroblasts in Blood after Cardiothoracic Surgery
- Exploratory Biochemical Data Analysis: a Comparison of Two Sample Means and Diagnostic Displays
- Standardization of Laboratory Data and Establishment of Reference Intervals in the Fukuoka Prefecture: A Japanese Perspective
- Calibration, Specificity and Trueness of a Postheparin Plasma Lipoprotein Lipase Assay
- Analytical Performance of a Direct Assay for LDL-Cholesterol
- Genotyping Method for Point Mutation Detection in the Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Exon 7 Using Fluorescent Probes. Clinical Validation in Systemic Sclerosis Patients
- IFCC Reference Measurement Procedure for Substance Concentration Determination of Total Carbon Dioxide in Blood, Plasma or Serum
- Joshua Lederberg (Editor-in-Chief): Encyclopedia of Microbiology, 2nd Edition, Vol 1-4
