Startseite Pathogenetic interplay between osmotic and oxidative stress: the hepatic encephalopathy paradigm
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Pathogenetic interplay between osmotic and oxidative stress: the hepatic encephalopathy paradigm

  • Freimut Schliess , Boris Görg und Dieter Häussinger
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 2. November 2006
Biological Chemistry
Aus der Zeitschrift Band 387 Heft 10_11

Abstract

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) defines a primary gliopathy associated with acute and chronic liver disease. Astrocyte swelling triggered by ammonia in synergism with different precipitating factors, including hyponatremia, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, glutamate and ligands of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR), is an early pathogenetic event in HE. On the other hand, reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNOS) including nitric oxide are considered to play a major role in HE. There is growing evidence that osmotic and oxidative stresses are closely interrelated. Astrocyte swelling produces RNOS and vice versa. Based on recent investigations, this review proposes a working model that integrates the pathogenetic action of osmotic and oxidative stresses in HE. Under participation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, Ca2+, the PBR and organic osmolyte depletion, astrocyte swelling and RNOS production may constitute an autoamplificatory signaling loop that integrates at least some of the signals released by HE-precipitating factors.

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Published Online: 2006-11-02
Published in Print: 2006-10-01

©2006 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York

Artikel in diesem Heft

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  2. Paper of the Year 2005: Award to Vanessa Ferreira Merino
  3. Two-site substrate recognition model for the Keap1-Nrf2 system: a hinge and latch mechanism
  4. Hypoxia and lipid signaling
  5. Glutathione peroxidases and redox-regulated transcription factors
  6. Redox regulation of the hypoxia-inducible factor
  7. The l-arginine nitric oxide pathway: avenue for a multiple-level approach to assess vascular function
  8. Protein oxidation and proteolysis
  9. Mitochondrial signaling, TOR, and life span
  10. Pathogenetic interplay between osmotic and oxidative stress: the hepatic encephalopathy paradigm
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  12. N-Ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor: a redox sensor in exocytosis
  13. Aspects of the biological redox chemistry of cysteine: from simple redox responses to sophisticated signalling pathways
  14. Singlet oxygen inactivates protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B by oxidation of the active site cysteine
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