A review and classification of malformations of the cranio-cervical region

Kapitel in diesem Buch

1. Frontmatter I
2. Preface VII
3. Contents IX
4. I. Introduction
5. The cranio-cervical junction in the light of a sociological cultural analysis (an introductory address) 3
6. II. Basic research and diagnostic methods
7. Embryological and neuro-anatomical aspects of the cranio-cervical region 13
8. The cranio-cervical junction – Anatomy 27
9. The pathogenesis of two distinct cervico-occipital malformations 63
10. Basilar processes – visualized in radiographs and CT scans 69
11. Radionuclide imaging of the cranio-cervical region 73
12. Magnetic resonance imaging in the cranio-cervical region: Experiences in 194 cases 81
13. Space-occupying, inflammatory and dysplastic lesions of the cranio-cervical junction seen in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 87
14. NMR-finding in a case of Morquio's syndrome with syncope 95
15. The dynamic evaluation of the cervical spinal canal and spinal cord by magnetic resonance imaging during movement 99
16. Somatosensory evoked potentials in cervical myelopathy 105
17. Spontaneous eye movements in cranio-cervical abnormalities 113
18. Microsurgical aspects of the transoral and transcervical approach to the cranio-cervical junction 117
19. III. Traumatic lesions
20. Double-threaded compression screws for osteosynthesis of acute fractures of the odontoid process 127
21. Operative dorsal fusion in the region of the cranio-cervical junction after fracture of the odontoid process 137
22. Operative treatment for traumatic arterio-venous fistulas of the vertebral artery 141
23. High quadriplegia combined with neurogenic respiratory insufficiency – Potentialities, limits and outlook 151
24. Occipital condyle fractures – Pathophysiology, clinical signs, and diagnosis 159
25. IV. Malformations, system diseases and functional disturbances
26. A review and classification of malformations of the cranio-cervical region 167
27. Neurological diagnosis of malformations at the cranio-cervical junction 181
28. Clinical findings in syringomyelia in contrast to the lesions seen in NMR imaging 187
29. A historical review of syringomyelia in the craniocervical region and new aspects for operative treatment possible after NMR examination 195
30. Bilateral microsurgical accessoriolysis for the treatment of spasmodic torticollis 205
31. Irritation of upper cervical nerve roots as a cause of hemicrania 213
32. V. Inflammatory and degenerative lesions
33. A review of clinical and radiological aspects of rheumatoid arthritis of head joints 225
34. Risk assessment of occipito-cervical involvement in inflammatory rheumatic diseases 235
35. Surgical treatment for instability in cranio-cervical bones and their joints in rheumatoid arthritis 241
36. Operative stabilization of atlanto-axial dislocation combined with cervical cord compression (myelopathy) in rheumatoid arthritis 249
37. Atlanto-axial dislocation in rheumatoid arthritis – signs and symptoms, radiographic pathology, operative techniques and results 261
38. The role of the compression clamp for dynamic posterior fusion in rheumatoid atlanto-axial dislocation 269
39. Late results in cases of atlanto-axial dislocations after dorsal fusion 279
40. Clinical features of Lyme disease: Immunological and neurological aspects 287
41. Laminoplasty as a method for enlargement of the spinal canal in spondylotic cervical myelopathy 293
42. VI. Tumors of the cranio-cervical junction
43. Neuropathology of tumors in the craniospinal region 303
44. Meningiomas and neurinomas of the cranio-cervical region – Diagnosis and operative treatment 317
45. Craniospinal lipoma in infancy 323
46. The clinical importance of a delayed diagnosis in cases of craniospinal tumors 331
47. Pathological spontaneous activity in the EMG of a patient with a foramen magnum meningioma 339
48. NMR and the surgery of tumours at the craniocervical junction 345
49. Tumors of the cranio-cervical region, diagnostic problems, micro- and laser-surgery 353
50. The dorsolateral approach in ventrolateral craniospinal lesions 359
51. Tumors of the cranio-cervical junction 365
52. Radiotherapy in metastatic diseases of the cervical spine and the craniospinal region 377
53. VII. Summary and overview 389
54. List of contributors 393
55. Author's Index 397
56. Subject Index 399
57. Backmatter 403