Effector Mechanisms of Autoimmune Diseases

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter I
2. PREFACE V
3. CONTENTS VII
4. INTRODUCTION
5. Fundamental and Clinical Aspects of Lymphocyte Activation and Differentiation 1
6. PLENARY LECTURE
7. Oncogenes and Multistep Carcinogenesis 5
8. SYMPOSIA BIOCHEMICAL AND CELLULAR ASPECTS OF LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION
9. Biochemical and Molecular Events Controlled by Lymphoid and Myeloid Growth Factors 17
10. PGE2 Inhibition of Human T Lymphocytes Proliferation: Regulatory Effect of PGE2 on the Intra-Cellular Signaling Pathways 27
11. Structure-Function Relationships for the Interleukin 2 Receptor 35
12. Monovalent Cation Fluxes as Regulators of Critical Nuclear Events in Lymphocyte Activation: Mirror Image Processes in Differentiation and Proliferation 45
13. Diacylglycerol, Calcium, cAMP and cGMP Mediate Qualitatively Distinct Protein Kinase C Translocation Events in Normal B Lymphocytes 57
14. Phosphorylation of Prosolin and Leucocyte Growth Regulation 67
15. DIFFERENTIATION OF T AND B LYMPHOCYTES
16. Regulation of Human B Cell Function 73
17. The Role of Lymphokines in the Immunoglobulin Class Switch 83
18. Mouse and Human B Cell Activating Factors 97
19. Molecular Cloning of the Murine T11 (CD2) cDNA 111
20. Antigen Expression and Proliferative Activity during B and T Cell Development 123
21. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF LEUCOCYTES (ANTIGENS, RECEPTORS, INTERLEUKINS)
22. The Molecular Biology of the Multisubunit Interleukin-2 Receptor 133
23. Expression and Rearrangement of T Cell Receptor Genes in Human Leukemic T Cell Lines 143
24. The Human T-Cell Rearranging γ Genes (TRGγ) 153
25. Immunoglobulin Gene Expression 159
26. Structure and Expression of Mouse Fcy Receptor II (FcyRII) 165
27. VIRUS-INDUCED LYMPHOCYTE DYSFUNCTIONS
28. The Impact of the Presence of EBV on the Interaction of B Cell Lines with T Lymphocytes 175
29. Induction of B Cell Activation Markers by Epstein-Barr Virus 183
30. Production of Interleukin-1 (IL1) by EBV-Infected Cells 191
31. DNA-Mediated Gene Transfer of Epstein-Barr Virus Receptor onto Murine Fibroblasts 201
32. ACCESSORY CELL FUNCTIONS
33. Modulation of IL1 Receptor Expression by IL1, Prostaglandins and Glucocorticoids 209
34. Tumor Necrosis Factors: Modulation of Synthesis and Biological Activities 217
35. Analysis of the Structure and Function of Immunectin 227
36. Natural Effector Cells of the Intestinal Epithelium: Ontogeny, Function, and Regulation 235
37. Analysis of Ia-Transfected Fibroblasts: Antibody and T Cell Recognition Sites Segregate with the 31 Domain of the E3 Polypeptide Chain 245
38. WORKSHOPS WORKSHOP A. GROWTH AND DIFFERENTIATION FACTORS
39. Inhibition by Cyclosporin A of the IL2 Dependent Autocrine Growth in a Human Tumor T Cell Line and Fate of IL2 Receptors after Endocytosis 259
40. Interleukin B, a B Cell-Derived Lymphokine 263
41. Induction and Enhancement of Lymphokine Gene Expression in Human T Cell Clones Transfected with HTLV-I pX cDNA 267
42. Evidence for a Human B Cell Activating Factor Acting on Resting B Lymphocytes 271
43. Splicing Intermediates of the IL-2 Receptor (p55 Subunit) 275
44. The Role of Plasminogen Activator in Regulating T Cell Proliferation and Interferon Production 279
45. Membrane and Soluble IL2-R Produced by Human T Cell Clones: A Comparative Study 287
46. Phenotype and Cytokines Production by Human Myeloma Cell Lines 291
47. B + Null Cell-Derived Prothymocyte Differentiating Activity (PTDA): Biological Properties and Physicochemical Characterization 297
48. TDM-Activated Macrophages Produce a Cytostatic Factor Distinct from TNFα, IFNα,β, and IL-1 301
49. Characterization of a Factor Produced by Human Alloreactive T Cell Clones 305
50. WORKSHOP B. MECHANISMS OF AUTOIMMUNITY
51. Effector Mechanisms of Autoimmune Diseases 309
52. T Cell Response to Myelin Basic Protein in Healthy Subjects and Multiple Sclerosis Patients 323
53. Active T Cell Regulation of Autoimmune Responses in Autoimmune and "Nonautoimmune" Spleen Cell Populations 327
54. Interleukin-2 Receptor Targeted Immunotherapy of Autoimmune Diseases: Treatment Strategies for Type I Diabetes 331
55. Protection of Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) Mice from Insulitis by Neonatal Injection of F₁ Spleen Cells 335
56. WORKSHOP C. ONCOGENES AND LEUCOCYTE TRANSFORMATION
57. Complex Transcriptional Regulation of Nuclear Proto Oncogenes: Existence of a Block to Elongation in C-Myc and C-Fos Genes 339
58. Determinants of C-Fos and C-Myc mRNAs Instability 345
59. Cloning and Functional Analysis of the Human C-fms Gene 351
60. Effects of Proliferative (Interleukin, Colony Stimulating Factors) and Antiproliferative (Cyclic AMP, Interferon) Signals on Gene Expression in Myeloid and Lymphoid Cell Lines 355
61. The Progession to Tumourigenes is Following Transformation of Murine Myelomonocytic Cell by V-Myc 359
62. HTLV-I Infection of a Human Antigen Specific Proliferating/Cytotoxic T Cell Clone Results in a Loss of Cytotoxicity but does not Affect the T Cell Receptor 363
63. WORKSHOP D. EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF IMMUNOMODULATION
64. Roles of Monokines in the Nonspecific Host Defence Stimulated by Exogenous Agents 367
65. Enhancement of the Immune Response Using a Synthetic B-Lymphocyte Mitogen Covalently Linked to Antigens 379
66. Effects of in vivo Treatment of Mice with Anti-Murine T3 Antibody: Suppression of Transplantation Responses 383
67. Gamma-Interferon Protects Listeria-Susceptible BALB/c Mice from Lethal Listeriosis without Affecting the Development of Protective Immunity 387
68. Effect of a Lipophilic Muramylitri peptide on Gamma-Interferon Induced Major Histocompatibility Antigen (MHC) and Leu-M3 Antigen Changes in Human Monocytes 393
69. Effect of Cyclosporin A (CsA) on the Induction of Memory T Lymphocytes 399
70. Modulation by Cyclosporin A (CsA) of the Immune System of Mice Infected with Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV) 403
71. Modulation of Lymphocyte Activation in vitro by a Soluble Placental Factor 407
72. The Role of Interleukins and the Interleukin-2 Receptor in the Pathogenesis of Murine Cutaneous Leishmaniasis 413
73. In vitro Studies of Synthetic Glycolipids: A New Class of Compounds with Immunomodulating Activity 421
74. Immunotoxicity Studies of PCB (Aroclor 1254) in the Adult Rhesus (Macaca mulatta) Monkey 427
75. Human Cytomegalovirus Induces Alterations in Mixed Lymphocyte Reactions 433
76. WORKSHOP E. IMMUNODEFICIENCIES
77. Immunological Aspects of AIDS and HIV Infection 437
78. Studies Regarding the Interaction of the T4 (CD4) Molecule with the Envelope Protein gp120 of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) 445
79. Low Level Re-Expression of the Silent MHC Class-II Genes in the Lymphoblasts from Patients with the HLA-Class II Deficient SCID 449
80. Adenylate Cyclase and 5'Nucleotidase Activities of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells is Psoriasis 453
81. WORKSHOP F. NATURAL KILLER CELLS
82. Natural Killer Cells 465
83. Characterization and Population Kinetics of Liver-Associàted Large Granular Lymphocytes (Natural Killer Cells) 469
84. Modulation of Lymphonkine Activated Killer Activity of Lymphocytes Isolated from Human Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow by Recombinant IL4 473
85. Inhibition of Human Natural Killer Cells by Resistant Target Cells 479
86. Changes in Gene Expression Associated with Activation or Inhibition of Natural Killer Function 483
87. Fibronectin Expression by Endogenous and Activated NK Cells 489
88. Cytolytic Potential of CD3⁺4^-8^- T Cells with Differently Organized T Cell Receptor Y Chains 493
89. WORKSHOP G, DIFFERENTIATION AND ACTIVATION OF T LYMPHOCYTES
90. CD1a Molecules Form Intermolecular Complexes with HLA Class I Molecules or Other CD1 Molecules on Normal Human Thymus Cells 499
91. The CD2 Pathway of Activation. Epitope Requirements, Linkage to Other Surface Molecules and Early Biochemical Events 511
92. A T-Cell Surface Molecule Different from CD2 is Involved in Spontaneous Rosette Formation with Erythrocytes 521
93. A Dual Function of the T4 Molecule in the Cytolytic Activity of Human T Cell Clones 525
94. Role of Antigen-Specific T Cell Receptor and Associated Proteins in the Activation of a Cytolytic T Cell Clone Analysed by Protein Phosphorylation and by T Cell Receptor Negative Variants 529
95. Y-Chain T Cell Receptors on Denoritic Epidermal Cells 533
96. Stimulation of T Cells via LY-6C: A Phssphatidylinositol-Anchored Cell Surface Molecule which Generates Intracellular Calcium Mobilization upon Cross-Linking 537
97. New Subgroups in the Human T Cell Rearranging VΓ Gene Locus 541
98. Genomic Organisation of the Constant Regions of the Human T-Cell Rearranging Gene Γ 545
99. Second Signals for T Cell Mitogenesis Provided by a MAbs CD45 (T200) and CD5 (T1) 549
100. WORKSHOP H. DIFFERENTIATION AND ACTIVATION OF B LYMPHOCYTES
101. Immunobiology of B Lymphocytes 553
102. Regulation of B Lymphocyte Responsiveness by Multiple Cytokines 557
103. Influence of IL4 on the Induction of Immunoglobulin Secretion by BCAF-Containing Supernatant 565
104. Early B Cells Immortalized by Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) - A Phenotypic Study 569
105. The Human B Cell Repertoire: Multispecificity as a Major Characteristic of Antibodies Secreted by Human EBV-Transformable Cord Blood B Cells 573
106. Analysis of Excessive B Cell Growth in Lymph Nodes of L. major Infected Mice: The Effect of L. major Specific T-Cell Clones 577
107. Antibody Response in vitro of Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes: Application of a Limiting Dilution Method 581
108. Frequency Analysis of Functional Immunoglobulin C_E Gene Expression in LPS-Reactive Murine B Cells 585
109. Changes in Gene Expression in Differentiating B Lymphocytes 591
110. Regulation of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced B Cell Differentiation by Ly-5 and Uyb-2 Molecules 595
111. WORKSHOP I. LIPIDIC MEDIATORS OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE
112. Phospholipid-Derived Mediators and the Immune Response 599
113. Anti-Oxidants and IL2 Synthesis 609
114. Role of Lipoxygenase Pathway Products in IL2 Synthesis 615
115. Platelet Activating Factor (PAF) Induces Human Suppressor Cell Activity 621
116. PAF-Acether Induces an Enhanced Release of Interleukin-1 (IL-1) from Human Monocytes 625
117. Down-Regulation of CD2 and CD3 Antigen Expression by PAF-Acether 629
118. WORKSHOP J. NEURAL MODULATION OF IMMUNITY
119. Neuroendocrine Modulation of Immunity 633
120. Cyclic AMP Response to Dopamine in the Human Monocyte-Like Cell Line U-937 645
121. ß-Endorphin Inhibits Thy-1 Antigen Expression on Murine Thymocytes and Antagonizes Thymosin Fraction V Action 649
122. WORKSHOP K. BIOCHEMISTRY OF LEUCOCYTE STIMULATION AND EFFECTOR MECHANISMS
123. Genes Preferentially Expressed in Cytolytic T Cells 653
124. Signal Transduction in Lymphocyte Activation 659
125. IL-2 Mediated Induction of Lytic Granules, Perforin, and BLT-Esterase in Potent, Granule-Free Cytolytic T Lymphocytes Indicates an Alternative Function of Lytic Granules 669
126. Extracel1ular ATP Initiates the Proliferative Response of PMA-Activated Medullary Thymocytes by Increasing their Cytosolic Free Calcium Concentration 673
127. Evidence for a Kinase Cascade Stimulated by Interleukin 2 in Cytotoxic T Cell Clones 679
128. The Regulation of Cytoskeletal Protein Gene Expression in Lymphocytes 683
129. Protein Phosphorylation During T Cell Activation 687
130. Clues to Mechanisms of Activation for Killing from the Observations of Changes in Intracellular (Ca⁺⁺) in Individual Cytolytic T Cells and Targets 691
131. Induction of Activation Signals in Human T Lymphocytes 697
132. Both Lyt2⁺ and L3T4⁺ Cell Subsets Secrete the Serine Esterase Granzyme A in Response to a Specific Antigenic Stimulus 701
133. WORKSHOP L. ACCESSORY CELLS-LYMPHOCYTE INTERACTIONS
134. Accessory Cells-Lymphocyte Interactions 705
135. A Role for HLA-Class I Molecules from Accessory Cells in T-Cell Activation 709
136. Adhesion Molecules of Monocytes 713
137. Cellular and Molecular Basis of Self-Induced Proliferation of T Lymphocytes (SIPofT) 717
138. Human T Cell Activation: Participation of T Cell Differentiation Antigen Cluster 2 (CD2) in the Generation and/or Transduction of Accessory Cell Signals 723
139. WORKSHOP PI. IDIOTYPIC REGULATION
140. The Influence of Vk Gene Polymorphism on the Induction of Silent Idiotypes in the Arsonate System 727
141. Allogeneic Manipulation of the "GAT" Idiotypic Cascade does not Influence the VH Gene Usage 731
142. Specific Suppression of the Primary Antibody Response with Immune Complexes Formed in Antibody Excess Depends on the Idiotype and the Isotype of the Antibody Forming the Complex 739
143. The HLA-Restricted Presentation of Idiotype to Human Anti-Idiotypic T Cell Clones does not Require Processing by Antigen Presenting Cells 743
144. Idiotypic Predominance Alteration in Anti-Arsonate Response by Priming with Anti-Idiotypic Antibodies 749
145. Anti-Idiotype Induction of Humoral Immunity in Cattle 753
146. Anti MHC-Receptor Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes: Their Role in the Specific Resistance to Graft-Versus-Host Reaction 757
147. Altered Anti-Idiotype Response to a(1-3)Dextran-Associated Idiotypes in Mice Bearing an X-Linked Immune Defect 761
148. WORKSHOP N. COMPLEMENT RECEPTORS
149. Human CD3 Complement Receptors 765
150. Influence of Antigen-Bound Complement Components C3b and C4b in Activation of Human T-Cell Clones 781
151. Human C3 and C3dg Stimulate Proliferation of a Pre-B Lymphoblastoid Cell Line via CR2 Complement Receptor 785
152. Activation of B Lymphocytes by Zymosan-Bound C3 Fragments 789
153. Contribution of C3 Fragments to Lymphocyte Mediated Lysis of CR2 Carrying Cells 793
154. "In vivo" and "in vitro" Modulation of CR1 (C3b Receptor) Expression by its Ligand C3b 797
155. WORKSHOP O. MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX
156. MHC in Leucocyte Biology 801
157. HLA Class I α1, α2, and ß2-Microglobulin Domain Interactions 805
158. Diversity and Function of Human Class II MHC Antigens 809
159. DRα-DQß Mismatched Isotype Pairing Occurs in EBV Transformed B Cell Lines 813
160. Distinct Epitopes for K^d-Restricted Cytolytic T Cells Specific for HLA-CW3 or HLA-A24 Map to the same Region of HLA 819
161. Resistance or Susceptibility of Human Target Cells to NK Lysis: Correlation with the Surface Expression of HLA Class I Molecules and Induction of Susceptibility by Monoclonal Anti Class I Antibodies 823
162. WORKSHOP P (SANOFI). CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF ANTILEUCOCYTE MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
163. Anti-Leucocyte Monoclonal Antibodies: From Laboratory Reagents to Therapeutic Agents 827
164. Treatment of Donor Bone Marrow with FabT101 Ricin A-Chain Immunotoxin for the Prevention of Graft-versus-Host Disease after Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation 831
165. Monoclonal Antibodies for Bone Marrow Purging before Transplantation: A Brief Review 835
166. Comparative Efficiency of an Immunomagnetic Purging Procedure and a Rabbit Complement Lysis to Eliminate BL Cells from the Bone Marrow 845
167. In vivo Antigenic Modulation of CD5⁺ Cells in Renal Transplanted Patients Receiving Anti-CD5 Antibody Infusions 849
168. In vivo Therapy by CD8 Monoclonal Antibody for Delays to Hematological Recovery after Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation 855
169. Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Remission. In vitro Purging of Inoculum with Monoclonal Antibodies and Complement 859
170. Immunosuppression by Murine Monoclonal Antibodies: The Rhesus Monkey Used for Preclinical Testing 865
171. Therapeutic Applications of Monoclonal Antibodies for Lymphoma and Leukemia 871
172. BMA 031 - The TCR Specific Monoclonal Antibody for Clinical Applications 885
173. Immunoassays for the Monitoring of Kidney Graft's Transplanted Patients under 33B3.1 MOAB Therapy 891
174. Prospective Randomized Studies of T Cell Depletion in HLA Matched Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) for Leukemia: 2 Studies of the GEGMO in 92 Patients 895
175. A Monoclonal Anti Interleukin 2 Receptor Prevents Human Kidney Graft Rejection 901
176. Clinical Pharmacology of 0KT3 905
177. Introduction to the Clinical Use of Monoclonal Antibodies as Immunosuppressive Agents 915
178. General Considerations on the Quality Control of Monoclonal Antibodies before Therapeutic Use in Man 927
179. Immunotoxins with Therapeutic Use in Man 935
180. AUTHOR INDEX 943
181. SUBJECT INDEX 949
182. Backmatter 962