6 An overview about the approaches used in the production of alphaketoglutaric acid with their applications
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Vikas Kumar
Abstract
Alpha ketoglutaric acid is a biological compound found naturally in the human body. It plays an important role in the cell metabolism and has a role in various metabolic pathways including Kreb’s cycle, protein metabolism and so on. Keto glutaric acid is chemically prepared from succinic acid and oxalic acid. It is a direct precursor of glutamic acid and triazines. It can be produced by oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate by isocitrate dehydrogenase. The yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is used as a prospective producer of alpha ketoglutaric acid from ethanol. The capability to synthesize Keto glutaric acid has so far been investigated for many microorganisms such as Pseudomonas fluoroscens, Bacillus subtilis etc. P. fluoroscens have the ability to synthesize a huge amount of alpha ketoglutaric acid in a glycerol medium supplemented with manganese (Mn). The Mangnese has a significant impact on glycerol metabolism resulting in the buildup of alpha ketoglutaric acid. The metabolism of succinate may result in the production of alpha ketoglutarate. Despite its importance in TCA cycle, alpha ketoglutaric acid buildup as an intermediate product of bacterial glucose oxidation. Along with chemical synthesis andmicrobial fermentation, enzymatic transformation can also be used to produce alpha ketoglutaric acid. Biodiesel waste is considered as cheap and renewable carbon source for the development of alpha ketoglutaric acid. Alpha ketoglutarate is used for kidney disease, intestinal and stomach disorders and many other conditions. It also plays an important role in the food industry as food and nutrient enhancers. The review is covering all the aspects related with the Alpha ketoglutaric acid production, utilization and product recovery.
Abstract
Alpha ketoglutaric acid is a biological compound found naturally in the human body. It plays an important role in the cell metabolism and has a role in various metabolic pathways including Kreb’s cycle, protein metabolism and so on. Keto glutaric acid is chemically prepared from succinic acid and oxalic acid. It is a direct precursor of glutamic acid and triazines. It can be produced by oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate by isocitrate dehydrogenase. The yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is used as a prospective producer of alpha ketoglutaric acid from ethanol. The capability to synthesize Keto glutaric acid has so far been investigated for many microorganisms such as Pseudomonas fluoroscens, Bacillus subtilis etc. P. fluoroscens have the ability to synthesize a huge amount of alpha ketoglutaric acid in a glycerol medium supplemented with manganese (Mn). The Mangnese has a significant impact on glycerol metabolism resulting in the buildup of alpha ketoglutaric acid. The metabolism of succinate may result in the production of alpha ketoglutarate. Despite its importance in TCA cycle, alpha ketoglutaric acid buildup as an intermediate product of bacterial glucose oxidation. Along with chemical synthesis andmicrobial fermentation, enzymatic transformation can also be used to produce alpha ketoglutaric acid. Biodiesel waste is considered as cheap and renewable carbon source for the development of alpha ketoglutaric acid. Alpha ketoglutarate is used for kidney disease, intestinal and stomach disorders and many other conditions. It also plays an important role in the food industry as food and nutrient enhancers. The review is covering all the aspects related with the Alpha ketoglutaric acid production, utilization and product recovery.
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter I
- About the editors V
- Contents VII
- List of contributing authors XIII
- 1 Global organic acids production and their industrial applications 1
- 2 Citric acid: fermentative production using organic wastes as feedstocks 21
- 3 Microbial production of lactic acid using organic wastes as low-cost substrates 35
- 4 Succinic acid: applications and microbial production using organic wastes as low cost substrates 51
- 5 Fumaric acid: fermentative production, applications and future perspectives 69
- 6 An overview about the approaches used in the production of alphaketoglutaric acid with their applications 95
- 7 Gluconic acid: strategies for microbial production using organic waste and applications 111
- 8 Itaconic acid: microbial production using organic wastes as cost-effective substrates 125
- 9 Malic acid: fermentative production and applications 149
- 10 Butyric acid: fermentation production using organic waste as low-cost feedstocks 163
- 11 Oxalic acid: recent developments for cost-effective microbial production 177
- Index 195
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter I
- About the editors V
- Contents VII
- List of contributing authors XIII
- 1 Global organic acids production and their industrial applications 1
- 2 Citric acid: fermentative production using organic wastes as feedstocks 21
- 3 Microbial production of lactic acid using organic wastes as low-cost substrates 35
- 4 Succinic acid: applications and microbial production using organic wastes as low cost substrates 51
- 5 Fumaric acid: fermentative production, applications and future perspectives 69
- 6 An overview about the approaches used in the production of alphaketoglutaric acid with their applications 95
- 7 Gluconic acid: strategies for microbial production using organic waste and applications 111
- 8 Itaconic acid: microbial production using organic wastes as cost-effective substrates 125
- 9 Malic acid: fermentative production and applications 149
- 10 Butyric acid: fermentation production using organic waste as low-cost feedstocks 163
- 11 Oxalic acid: recent developments for cost-effective microbial production 177
- Index 195
