Chapter 13 Process intensification approaches applied to the downstream processing of microalgae production
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Parag R. Gogate
Abstract
Microalgae are unicellular organisms that carry out photosynthesis and are found in fresh as well as marine environment. Microalgae contribute to the production of various products such as biofuels, food supplements, cosmetics, and bio-based chemicals and also help in environmental cleaning by utilizing CO2. High production costs and scaleup problems for microalgae-based products are key challenges in commercializing these products. To overcome these hurdles, process intensification approaches can be applied at various production steps. Process intensification (PI) is an important aspect to improve the processing and is looked upon with great interest. Process intensification, through the revolutionary development of new products and processes that ensure reduced material usage and energy consumption, and reduced environmental impacts while offering greater flexibility in the scale of operations, is the need of the hour. Broadly speaking, process intensification is the modification of the original equipment or replacement by new equipment, which enhances the process rate by improving mass and heat transfer rates. In the current chapter, various intensification approaches applied to downstream steps of microalgae-based products will be discussed. Initially, a brief description about microalgae will be provided, followed by their cultivation, harvesting techniques, and extraction of the products, mainly focusing on the intensification aspects. Overall, this chapter is expected to critically analyze the various approaches and present the benefits due to the involvement of process intensification in various downstream steps of production.
Abstract
Microalgae are unicellular organisms that carry out photosynthesis and are found in fresh as well as marine environment. Microalgae contribute to the production of various products such as biofuels, food supplements, cosmetics, and bio-based chemicals and also help in environmental cleaning by utilizing CO2. High production costs and scaleup problems for microalgae-based products are key challenges in commercializing these products. To overcome these hurdles, process intensification approaches can be applied at various production steps. Process intensification (PI) is an important aspect to improve the processing and is looked upon with great interest. Process intensification, through the revolutionary development of new products and processes that ensure reduced material usage and energy consumption, and reduced environmental impacts while offering greater flexibility in the scale of operations, is the need of the hour. Broadly speaking, process intensification is the modification of the original equipment or replacement by new equipment, which enhances the process rate by improving mass and heat transfer rates. In the current chapter, various intensification approaches applied to downstream steps of microalgae-based products will be discussed. Initially, a brief description about microalgae will be provided, followed by their cultivation, harvesting techniques, and extraction of the products, mainly focusing on the intensification aspects. Overall, this chapter is expected to critically analyze the various approaches and present the benefits due to the involvement of process intensification in various downstream steps of production.
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter I
- Contents V
- Contributing authors IX
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Part I: Fundamentals
- Chapter 1 A timeline on microalgal biotechnology 1
- Chapter 2 Scope of the microalgae market: a demand and supply perspective 19
- Chapter 3 Challenges and opportunities for microalgae biotechnology development 41
- Chapter 4 Major bottlenecks in industrial microalgaebased facilities 55
- Chapter 5 Multimethod and multiproduct microalgae biorefineries: industrial scale feasibility: eutectic solvents as a novel extraction system for microalgae biorefinery 67
- Chapter 6 What is next in microalgae research 81
- Chapter 7 Microalgae supply chains 107
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Part II: Process integration applied to microalgae-based systems
- Chapter 8 Energy and heat integration applied to microalgae-based systems 133
- Chapter 9 Mass integration applied to microalgaebased systems 147
- Chapter 10 Water integration applied to microalgaebased systems 165
- Chapter 11 Process integration opportunities applied to microalgae biomass production 183
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Part III: Process intensification applied to microalgae-based processes
- Chapter 12 Process intensification applied to bioreactor design 213
- Chapter 13 Process intensification approaches applied to the downstream processing of microalgae production 241
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Part IV: Process integration and process intensification strategies applied to microalgae-based products
- Chapter 14 Process integration opportunities applied to microalgae biomass production 271
- Chapter 15 Process integration opportunities applied to microalgae specialty chemicals production 299
- Chapter 16 Process intensification opportunities applied to the production of microalgae specialty chemicals 325
- Chapter 17 Process integration opportunities applied to microalgae biofuels production 349
- Chapter 18 Process intensification opportunities in the production of microalgal biofuels 377
- Chapter 19 Process integration approaches applied to carbon dioxide capture and use from microalgae 409
- Chapter 20 Algae-based bioelectrochemical systems 425
- Chapter 21 Process integration and process intensification approaches as enhancers of industrial sustainability in microalgaebased systems 441
- Chapter 22 Patents related to process integration and process intensification applied to microalgae-based systems 455
- Chapter 23 A brief mapping of patents in microalgaebased systems 479
- Index 507
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter I
- Contents V
- Contributing authors IX
-
Part I: Fundamentals
- Chapter 1 A timeline on microalgal biotechnology 1
- Chapter 2 Scope of the microalgae market: a demand and supply perspective 19
- Chapter 3 Challenges and opportunities for microalgae biotechnology development 41
- Chapter 4 Major bottlenecks in industrial microalgaebased facilities 55
- Chapter 5 Multimethod and multiproduct microalgae biorefineries: industrial scale feasibility: eutectic solvents as a novel extraction system for microalgae biorefinery 67
- Chapter 6 What is next in microalgae research 81
- Chapter 7 Microalgae supply chains 107
-
Part II: Process integration applied to microalgae-based systems
- Chapter 8 Energy and heat integration applied to microalgae-based systems 133
- Chapter 9 Mass integration applied to microalgaebased systems 147
- Chapter 10 Water integration applied to microalgaebased systems 165
- Chapter 11 Process integration opportunities applied to microalgae biomass production 183
-
Part III: Process intensification applied to microalgae-based processes
- Chapter 12 Process intensification applied to bioreactor design 213
- Chapter 13 Process intensification approaches applied to the downstream processing of microalgae production 241
-
Part IV: Process integration and process intensification strategies applied to microalgae-based products
- Chapter 14 Process integration opportunities applied to microalgae biomass production 271
- Chapter 15 Process integration opportunities applied to microalgae specialty chemicals production 299
- Chapter 16 Process intensification opportunities applied to the production of microalgae specialty chemicals 325
- Chapter 17 Process integration opportunities applied to microalgae biofuels production 349
- Chapter 18 Process intensification opportunities in the production of microalgal biofuels 377
- Chapter 19 Process integration approaches applied to carbon dioxide capture and use from microalgae 409
- Chapter 20 Algae-based bioelectrochemical systems 425
- Chapter 21 Process integration and process intensification approaches as enhancers of industrial sustainability in microalgaebased systems 441
- Chapter 22 Patents related to process integration and process intensification applied to microalgae-based systems 455
- Chapter 23 A brief mapping of patents in microalgaebased systems 479
- Index 507