18 The Use of Drones in West Africa and the Sahel
-
Olayinka Ajala
Abstract
There has been a proliferation of drones in Africa in the last few decades. Ranging from nation-states deploying them to counter insurgencies in East Africa and in counter-terrorism drives in West Africa and the Sahel, drones have become increasingly used for surveillance, reconnaissance, and attacks. While the technology is becoming increasingly available, affordable, and easier to use, this chapter argues that the lack of accountability and opaque use of the technology poses a challenge to its effective use. The chapter analyses the rise in the use of drones by state and nonstate actors and argues that the lack of regulation and opaque use of drones pose a threat to the security and stability of many countries in West Africa and the Sahel. The secretive operation of drones and the lack of accountability could also encourage more non-state actors to adopt the technology, further weakening the security architecture of many countries in Africa. The chapter concludes that while drones offer a cheaper and effective counter-terrorism mechanism, high proliferation and lack of regulation might limit the potentials of this technology.
Abstract
There has been a proliferation of drones in Africa in the last few decades. Ranging from nation-states deploying them to counter insurgencies in East Africa and in counter-terrorism drives in West Africa and the Sahel, drones have become increasingly used for surveillance, reconnaissance, and attacks. While the technology is becoming increasingly available, affordable, and easier to use, this chapter argues that the lack of accountability and opaque use of the technology poses a challenge to its effective use. The chapter analyses the rise in the use of drones by state and nonstate actors and argues that the lack of regulation and opaque use of drones pose a threat to the security and stability of many countries in West Africa and the Sahel. The secretive operation of drones and the lack of accountability could also encourage more non-state actors to adopt the technology, further weakening the security architecture of many countries in Africa. The chapter concludes that while drones offer a cheaper and effective counter-terrorism mechanism, high proliferation and lack of regulation might limit the potentials of this technology.
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter I
- Contents V
- 1 Introduction: Why Study Drones? 1
-
Part 1: Approaches to the Study of Drone Warfare
- 2 What Is Drone Warfare? 9
- 3 Defining Drones 25
- 4 Drones and International Law 41
- 5 Drone Imaginaries 57
- 6 A Gendering of Drones 69
- 7 Critiquing Drone Warfare 87
-
Part 2: The First Drone Age
- 8 What Is ‘The First Drone Age’? 107
- 9 Drone Pilots: The Struggles of War by Remote Control 111
- 10 The Post-9/11 Era: Drones and Just War Theory 125
- 11 The CIA Drone Program 141
- 12 Drones and Civilian Harm 159
- 13 Drone Warfare and Public Opinion 177
- 14 Living Under Drones 197
- 15 The Media and Drone Warfare 215
-
Part 3: The Second Drone Age
- 16 What is ‘The Second Drone Age’? 237
- 17 The Islamic State Drone Program 243
- 18 The Use of Drones in West Africa and the Sahel 255
- 19 China’s Drone Diplomacy 267
- 20 Russian Military Drones: Established and Emerging Technologies in Ukraine 285
- 21 Europe’s Military Drone Problem 299
- 22 Violent Nonstate Exploitation of Commercial Drones 313
- 23 Game-Changing Drones? The Record from Libya to Ukraine 325
-
Part 4: A Third Drone Age? Concerns and Visions for the Future
-
Concerns
- 24 Domestic Drones and Domestic Threat: Urban Life in the Drone Age 343
- 25 Autonomous Drones 369
- 26 Swarming Drones 385
- 27 Countering Unmanned Aircraft Systems 399
-
Visions
- 28 The Diffusion of Drone Warfare – A Ten Year Review 421
- 29 Drones: A Unique Danger to International Law 437
- 30 Drone Proliferation and IR Theory: Visions for the Future 453
- Contributors to this Volume 475
- Index 485
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter I
- Contents V
- 1 Introduction: Why Study Drones? 1
-
Part 1: Approaches to the Study of Drone Warfare
- 2 What Is Drone Warfare? 9
- 3 Defining Drones 25
- 4 Drones and International Law 41
- 5 Drone Imaginaries 57
- 6 A Gendering of Drones 69
- 7 Critiquing Drone Warfare 87
-
Part 2: The First Drone Age
- 8 What Is ‘The First Drone Age’? 107
- 9 Drone Pilots: The Struggles of War by Remote Control 111
- 10 The Post-9/11 Era: Drones and Just War Theory 125
- 11 The CIA Drone Program 141
- 12 Drones and Civilian Harm 159
- 13 Drone Warfare and Public Opinion 177
- 14 Living Under Drones 197
- 15 The Media and Drone Warfare 215
-
Part 3: The Second Drone Age
- 16 What is ‘The Second Drone Age’? 237
- 17 The Islamic State Drone Program 243
- 18 The Use of Drones in West Africa and the Sahel 255
- 19 China’s Drone Diplomacy 267
- 20 Russian Military Drones: Established and Emerging Technologies in Ukraine 285
- 21 Europe’s Military Drone Problem 299
- 22 Violent Nonstate Exploitation of Commercial Drones 313
- 23 Game-Changing Drones? The Record from Libya to Ukraine 325
-
Part 4: A Third Drone Age? Concerns and Visions for the Future
-
Concerns
- 24 Domestic Drones and Domestic Threat: Urban Life in the Drone Age 343
- 25 Autonomous Drones 369
- 26 Swarming Drones 385
- 27 Countering Unmanned Aircraft Systems 399
-
Visions
- 28 The Diffusion of Drone Warfare – A Ten Year Review 421
- 29 Drones: A Unique Danger to International Law 437
- 30 Drone Proliferation and IR Theory: Visions for the Future 453
- Contributors to this Volume 475
- Index 485
