9 COPING WITH TOXIC METALS
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Zhiguang Xiao
Abstract
Metal ions, and those of the transition metals in particular, have driven many of biology’s catalytic processes since life first evolved. However, this enabling advantage is a double-edged sword: some metal ions are essential but toxic if not processed properly and others are non-essential but toxic if available. The molecular methods that microorganisms have evolved to cope with toxic metal ions are outlined. The toxic ions (Cr, Ag, Au, Cd, Hg) are covered as are the toxic effects of the nutrient metals under dis-homeostasis. Toxic but rare or unavailable elements are not covered, nor are the nutrient and highly soluble metal ions of groups I and 2 (alkali and alkaline earth metals). Brief introductions to some nonnutrient but highly toxic metals and metalloids of groups 13-15 (Al, Tl, Pb, As, Bi) are included.
Abstract
Metal ions, and those of the transition metals in particular, have driven many of biology’s catalytic processes since life first evolved. However, this enabling advantage is a double-edged sword: some metal ions are essential but toxic if not processed properly and others are non-essential but toxic if available. The molecular methods that microorganisms have evolved to cope with toxic metal ions are outlined. The toxic ions (Cr, Ag, Au, Cd, Hg) are covered as are the toxic effects of the nutrient metals under dis-homeostasis. Toxic but rare or unavailable elements are not covered, nor are the nutrient and highly soluble metal ions of groups I and 2 (alkali and alkaline earth metals). Brief introductions to some nonnutrient but highly toxic metals and metalloids of groups 13-15 (Al, Tl, Pb, As, Bi) are included.
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter i
- About the Editors v
- Historical Development and Perspectives of the Series vii
- Preface to Volume 21 ix
- Contents xiii
- Contributors to Volume 21 xix
- Titles of Volumes 1–44 in the Metal Ions in Biological Systems Series xxiii
- Contents of Volumes in the Metal Ions in Life Sciences Series xxv
- 1 INTRODUCTION: FROM ROCKS TO LIVING CELLS 1
- 2 MICROBES: MASTERS OF THE GLOBAL ELEMENT CYCLES 33
- 3 BIOLOGICAL ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION AND EARTH HISTORY: FROM ENZYMES, TO CELLS, TO ECOSYSTEMS 59
- 4 IMAGING TRACE METALS IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 81
- 5 MINERALS AND THE EMERGENCE OF LIFE 135
- 6 THE FORMATION OF IRON BIOMINERALS IN MAGNETOTACTIC BACTERIA 159
- 7 LIVING ON IRON 185
- 8 EXTRACELLULAR REDOX CHEMISTRY 229
- 9 COPING WITH TOXIC METALS 271
- 10 THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS 299
- SUBJECT INDEX 325
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter i
- About the Editors v
- Historical Development and Perspectives of the Series vii
- Preface to Volume 21 ix
- Contents xiii
- Contributors to Volume 21 xix
- Titles of Volumes 1–44 in the Metal Ions in Biological Systems Series xxiii
- Contents of Volumes in the Metal Ions in Life Sciences Series xxv
- 1 INTRODUCTION: FROM ROCKS TO LIVING CELLS 1
- 2 MICROBES: MASTERS OF THE GLOBAL ELEMENT CYCLES 33
- 3 BIOLOGICAL ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION AND EARTH HISTORY: FROM ENZYMES, TO CELLS, TO ECOSYSTEMS 59
- 4 IMAGING TRACE METALS IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 81
- 5 MINERALS AND THE EMERGENCE OF LIFE 135
- 6 THE FORMATION OF IRON BIOMINERALS IN MAGNETOTACTIC BACTERIA 159
- 7 LIVING ON IRON 185
- 8 EXTRACELLULAR REDOX CHEMISTRY 229
- 9 COPING WITH TOXIC METALS 271
- 10 THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS 299
- SUBJECT INDEX 325
