Towards a Typology of Tone System Changes
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Larry M. Hyman
Abstract
Most general discussions of tonal change are concerned with the issues of tonogenesis and tonal splits, i. e. the questions of how non-tonal languages become tonal and how these tones later split to produce more tones. In this article I am concerned with two issues: (i) how tone systems acquire more tonal contrasts; (ii) how tone systems lose tonal contrasts. The first issue concerns both laryngeal factors as well as the natural pitch effects that tones have on each other. The second concerns both tonal mergers as well as the restriction of tonal contrasts to certain positions of the word or phrase, which may ultimately lead to tonoexodus, the complete loss of tone.
Abstract
Most general discussions of tonal change are concerned with the issues of tonogenesis and tonal splits, i. e. the questions of how non-tonal languages become tonal and how these tones later split to produce more tones. In this article I am concerned with two issues: (i) how tone systems acquire more tonal contrasts; (ii) how tone systems lose tonal contrasts. The first issue concerns both laryngeal factors as well as the natural pitch effects that tones have on each other. The second concerns both tonal mergers as well as the restriction of tonal contrasts to certain positions of the word or phrase, which may ultimately lead to tonoexodus, the complete loss of tone.
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter I
- Contents V
- Preface VII
- Introduction 1
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Part I: Tonal Neutralization
- Towards a Typology of Postlexical Tonal Neutralizations 7
- Postlexical Tonal Neutralizations in Kagoshima Japanese 27
- Tonal Neutralization and Lexical Category in Nagasaki Japanese 58
- Tonal Neutralization in the Ikema Dialect of Miyako Ryukyuan 83
- Accentual Neutralization in Japanese Dialects 129
- Chinese Tonal Neutralization across Dialects: From Typological, Geographical, and Diachronic Perspectives 156
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Part II: Tonal Change
- Towards a Typology of Tone System Changes 203
- Common Tone Sandhi Processes across Sino-Tibetan Languages 223
- Phonetic and Systemic Biases in Tonal Contour Changes in Bangkok Thai 249
- Bilingualism and Accent Changes in Kagoshima Japanese 279
- From Nyoro to Tooro: Historical and Phonetic Accounts of Tone Merger 330
- In Defense of a Dialect-contact Scenario of the Central Franconian Tonogenesis 350
- Index 380
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter I
- Contents V
- Preface VII
- Introduction 1
-
Part I: Tonal Neutralization
- Towards a Typology of Postlexical Tonal Neutralizations 7
- Postlexical Tonal Neutralizations in Kagoshima Japanese 27
- Tonal Neutralization and Lexical Category in Nagasaki Japanese 58
- Tonal Neutralization in the Ikema Dialect of Miyako Ryukyuan 83
- Accentual Neutralization in Japanese Dialects 129
- Chinese Tonal Neutralization across Dialects: From Typological, Geographical, and Diachronic Perspectives 156
-
Part II: Tonal Change
- Towards a Typology of Tone System Changes 203
- Common Tone Sandhi Processes across Sino-Tibetan Languages 223
- Phonetic and Systemic Biases in Tonal Contour Changes in Bangkok Thai 249
- Bilingualism and Accent Changes in Kagoshima Japanese 279
- From Nyoro to Tooro: Historical and Phonetic Accounts of Tone Merger 330
- In Defense of a Dialect-contact Scenario of the Central Franconian Tonogenesis 350
- Index 380
