10. MANGANESE: ITS ROLE IN DISEASE AND HEALTH
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Keith M. Erikson
Abstract
Manganese is an essential dietary element that functions primarily as a coenzyme in several biological processes. These processes include, but are not limited to, macronutrient metabolism, bone formation, free radical defense systems, and in the brain, ammonia clearance and neurotransmitter synthesis. It is a critical component in dozens of proteins and enzymes, and is found in all tissues. Concentrated levels of Mn are found in tissues rich in mitochondria and melanin, with both, liver, and pancreas having the highest concentrations under normal conditions. However, overexposure to environmental Mn via industrial occupation or contaminated drinking water can lead to toxic brain Mn accumulation that has been associated with neurological impairment. The objective of this chapter is to address the biological importance of Mn (essentiality), routes of exposure, factors dictating Mn status, a brief discussion of Mn neurotoxicity, and proposed methods for neurotoxicity remediation.
Abstract
Manganese is an essential dietary element that functions primarily as a coenzyme in several biological processes. These processes include, but are not limited to, macronutrient metabolism, bone formation, free radical defense systems, and in the brain, ammonia clearance and neurotransmitter synthesis. It is a critical component in dozens of proteins and enzymes, and is found in all tissues. Concentrated levels of Mn are found in tissues rich in mitochondria and melanin, with both, liver, and pancreas having the highest concentrations under normal conditions. However, overexposure to environmental Mn via industrial occupation or contaminated drinking water can lead to toxic brain Mn accumulation that has been associated with neurological impairment. The objective of this chapter is to address the biological importance of Mn (essentiality), routes of exposure, factors dictating Mn status, a brief discussion of Mn neurotoxicity, and proposed methods for neurotoxicity remediation.
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter i
- About the Editors v
- Historical Development and Perspectives of the Series vii
- Preface to Volume 19 ix
- Contents xiii
- Contributors to Volume 19 xix
- Titles of Volumes 1–44 in the Metal Ions in Biological Systems Series xxiii
- Contents of Volumes in the Metal Ions in Life Sciences Series xxv
- 1. METALS IN MEDICINE: THE THERAPEUTIC USE OF METAL IONS IN THE CLINIC 1
- 2. SMALL MOLECULES: THE PAST OR THE FUTURE IN DRUG INNOVATION? 17
- 3. IRON CHELATION FOR IRON OVERLOAD IN THALASSEMIA 49
- 4. IRONING OUT THE BRAIN 87
- 5. INFECTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH IRON ADMINISTRATION 123
- 6. IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLE FORMULATIONS FOR SUPPLEMENTATION 157
- 7. BUILDING A TROJAN HORSE: SIDEROPHORE-DRUG CONJUGATES FOR THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 181
- 8. DEVELOPING VANADIUM AS AN ANTIDIABETIC OR ANTICANCER DRUG: A CLINICAL AND HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 203
- 9. CHROMIUM SUPPLEMENTATION IN HUMAN HEALTH, METABOLIC SYNDROME, AND DIABETES 231
- 10. MANGANESE: ITS ROLE IN DISEASE AND HEALTH 253
- 11. COBALT-SCHIFF BASE COMPLEXES: PRECLINICAL RESEARCH AND POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC USES 267
- 12. COPPER DEPLETION AS A THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY IN CANCER 303
- 13. METAL COMPOUNDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIPARASITIC AGENTS: RATIONAL DESIGN FROM BASIC CHEMISTRY TO THE CLINIC 331
- 14. CHEMICAL AND CLINICAL ASPECTS OF METAL-CONTAINING ANTIDOTES FOR POISONING BY CYANIDE 359
- SUBJECT INDEX 393
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter i
- About the Editors v
- Historical Development and Perspectives of the Series vii
- Preface to Volume 19 ix
- Contents xiii
- Contributors to Volume 19 xix
- Titles of Volumes 1–44 in the Metal Ions in Biological Systems Series xxiii
- Contents of Volumes in the Metal Ions in Life Sciences Series xxv
- 1. METALS IN MEDICINE: THE THERAPEUTIC USE OF METAL IONS IN THE CLINIC 1
- 2. SMALL MOLECULES: THE PAST OR THE FUTURE IN DRUG INNOVATION? 17
- 3. IRON CHELATION FOR IRON OVERLOAD IN THALASSEMIA 49
- 4. IRONING OUT THE BRAIN 87
- 5. INFECTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH IRON ADMINISTRATION 123
- 6. IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLE FORMULATIONS FOR SUPPLEMENTATION 157
- 7. BUILDING A TROJAN HORSE: SIDEROPHORE-DRUG CONJUGATES FOR THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 181
- 8. DEVELOPING VANADIUM AS AN ANTIDIABETIC OR ANTICANCER DRUG: A CLINICAL AND HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 203
- 9. CHROMIUM SUPPLEMENTATION IN HUMAN HEALTH, METABOLIC SYNDROME, AND DIABETES 231
- 10. MANGANESE: ITS ROLE IN DISEASE AND HEALTH 253
- 11. COBALT-SCHIFF BASE COMPLEXES: PRECLINICAL RESEARCH AND POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC USES 267
- 12. COPPER DEPLETION AS A THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY IN CANCER 303
- 13. METAL COMPOUNDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIPARASITIC AGENTS: RATIONAL DESIGN FROM BASIC CHEMISTRY TO THE CLINIC 331
- 14. CHEMICAL AND CLINICAL ASPECTS OF METAL-CONTAINING ANTIDOTES FOR POISONING BY CYANIDE 359
- SUBJECT INDEX 393
