Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. CONTENTS vii
3. List of Illustrations xix
4. Sponsors xx
5. Abbreviations xxi
6. Introduction: The Chronicle of King Fernando of Portugal 1
7. The Chronicle of King Fernando of Portugal
8. Prologue 11
9. Chapter 1 How the King of Aragon and King Enrique [of Castile] made treaties with King Fernando 15
10. Chapter 2 Concerning the agreements which King Enrique reached with the King of Navarre 17
11. Chapter 3 How King Pedro met with the Prince of Wales and how they joined forces to enter Castile 19
12. Chapter 4 How the King of Navarre contrived to avoid the campaign in aid of King Pedro 20
13. Chapter 5 Concerning King Enrique’s forces and how he prepared his campaign 21
14. Chapter 6 How King Pedro and the prince drew up their battle-lines, and how King Pedro was dubbed a knight 23
15. Chapter 7 How the Prince of Wales sent a letter to King Enrique, and about what it contained 24
16. Chapter 8 Concerning the reply that King Enrique sent to the prince’s letter 25
17. Chapter 9 How the battle was fought between the two kings and how King Enrique was defeated 26
18. Chapter 10 How the prince declared that the Marshal of France deserved to die and how the plea was decided by a court of knights 28
19. Chapter 11 Concerning the discussions that King Pedro held with the prince about the capture of the prisoners 29
20. Chapter 12 Concerning the agreements made between the prince and King Pedro about the matters which the king had promised the prince to attend to 30
21. Chapter 13 Concerning the persons whom King Pedro killed after leaving Burgos, and how he made a peace treaty with King Fernando of Portugal 33
22. Chapter 14 Concerning what happened to King Enrique after he fled the battle, as well as to the queen, his wife 35
23. Chapter 15 Concerning King Enrique’s meeting with the Duke of Anjou and the great welcome he received from the King of France 37
24. Chapter 16 How King Enrique arranged to return to Castile and how the King of Aragon prevented him from passing through his kingdom 38
25. Chapter 17 How King Enrique entered Burgos and took the castle and the Jewish quarter 40
26. Chapter 18 How King Enrique laid siege to the city of León and ordered the minting of the coin known as the sesén 41
27. Chapter 19 How King Pedro summoned the Emir of Granada to his aid, and how the city of Córdoba was nearly lost 42
28. Chapter 20 Concerning the steps taken by King Enrique to capture Toledo and how he assembled his forces to fight against King Pedro 44
29. Chapter 21 How King Enrique and King Pedro joined battle and how King Pedro was defeated 46
30. Chapter 22 Concerning the discussions held between Men Rodríguez de Sanabria and Sir Bertrand du Guesclin about the besieged King Pedro 47
31. Chapter 23 How King Pedro got away from Montiel, how he was killed and where 49
32. Chapter 24 How it became known throughout the kingdom that King Pedro was dead, and how King Enrique was received in various places 51
33. Chapter 25 The names of the places which declared for King Fernando, and the forces which went over to his side 52
34. Chapter 26 Concerning the treaties which King Fernando made with the Emir of Granada with a view to their waging war against King Enrique 53
35. Chapter 27 How King Fernando received those noblemen who came over to him from Castile 54
36. Chapter 28 How the King acted in respect of those places in Castile which had declared for him 56
37. Chapter 29 How a marriage was negotiated between King Fernando and Princess Leonor, the daughter of the King of Aragon 57
38. Chapter 30 How King Fernando headed for Galicia, and how the town of La Coruña went over to him 58
39. Chapter 31 How Monterrey was captured 59
40. Chapter 32 Concerning King Fernando’s departure from La Coruña when he learnt that King Enrique was on his way to do battle with him 61
41. Chapter 33 How King Enrique laid siege to Braga and took it by surrender 62
42. Chapter 34 How King Enrique laid siege to Guimarães, and how Count Fernando de Castro took refuge there 63
43. Chapter 35 How King Fernando left Coimbra to go to the aid of Guimarães, and which were the towns that the King of Castile captured 65
44. Chapter 36 Concerning King Fernando’s return and the officers of the marches whom he posted in a few places 66
45. Chapter 37 How Gil Fernandes made a foray into Castile and how he brought back the plunder from his raid 68
46. Chapter 38 How a number of Portuguese officers of the marches fought against the Castilians and what happened to each one of them 69
47. Chapter 39 Concerning the towns which Gomes Lourenço captured, and how João Rodrigues fought against the forces from Ledesma 70
48. Chapter 40 How King Enrique surrounded Ciudad Rodrigo and why he abandoned the siege 71
49. Chapter 41 How Zamora was surrounded by Queen Juana, and how the sons of Alfonso López de Tejada were killed 73
50. Chapter 42 Concerning the fleet of ships and galleys which King Fernando sent to Barrameda, and what his troops suffered while they were there 75
51. Chapter 43 Debates about the truce which some have said that the Emir of Granada made with the Castilians 77
52. Chapter 44 How the Castilian galleys sought to do battle with those from Portugal yet did not succeed, and the reason why the Portuguese fleet left the Seville River 78
53. Chapter 45 How the inhabitants of Carmona sent a message to King Fernando entreating him to go to their aid, and the answer which he gave to the messenger 81
54. Chapter 46 How King Enrique laid siege to Carmona, and how Don Martín López negotiated the surrender of the town to him 83
55. Chapter 47 Concerning the narratives which some have offered, when speaking of the betrothal of King Fernando to the Princess of Aragon 85
56. Chapter 48 What led King Fernando to amass the gold which he sent to Aragon and what was its total value 86
57. Chapter 49 How the count left Lisbon for Aragon, and how he arrived there with all the treasure which he was taking along 88
58. Chapter 50 What the count ordered should be done with the gold which he had brought, and how the soldiers began to receive pay for the service they were intended to give 89
59. Chapter 51 How Count João Afonso [Telo] left for Portugal, and why the princess was not brought there 91
60. Chapter 52 How the clauses relating to the war were changed yet again, and how the King of Aragon sent his message to King Fernando 93
61. Chapter 53 How peace was negotiated between King Enrique and King Fernando, and what were the conditions 94
62. Chapter 54 How the King of Aragon ordered the seizure from Afonso Domingues Barateiro of all the gold that he had under his control 97
63. Chapter 55 Concerning the coins which King Fernando changed, and of the different values which he placed on each 98
64. Chapter 56 How King Fernando changed the value of certain coins and fixed the prices of all things 101
65. Chapter 57 How King Fernando fell in love with Dona Leonor Teles and secretly married her 104
66. Chapter 58 How King Fernando informed the King of Castile that he could not marry his daughter 106
67. Chapter 59 How King Fernando and King Enrique revised certain clauses of the Treaty of Alcoutim 107
68. Chapter 60 How the people of Lisbon spoke to the king about his marriage, and about the answer that he gave them 109
69. Chapter 61 How King Fernando refused to address his people as he had promised, and secretly left Lisbon 110
70. Chapter 62 How King Fernando publicly married Dona Leonor, and how she came to be called the Queen of Portugal 112
71. Chapter 63 Various arguments advanced by certain people concerning King Fernando’s marriage 113
72. Chapter 64 Concerning the discussion which the king had with a member of his Royal Council about his marriage to Queen Leonor 114
73. Chapter 65 How Queen Leonor promoted the marriages of certain noblemen of the realm, and how she extended great privileges to other members of her family 116
74. Chapter 66 How King Enrique sent Diogo Lopes Pacheco to King Fernando to find out whether he still wished to be his friend, and the answer that Diogo Lopes brought back 118
75. Chapter 67 How King Fernando and the Duke of Lancaster formed an alliance against the King of Castile and the King of Aragon 120
76. Chapter 68 How King Enrique sent a message to King Fernando to propose peace to him, and concerning the arguments used by his envoy 121
77. Chapter 69 Concerning the reply which King Fernando gave to the bishop, and how the bishop took his leave and departed 123
78. Chapter 70 How the bishop arrived in Castile, and how King Enrique decided to wage war on Portugal 125
79. Chapter 71 How King Enrique entered Portugal, and the message he received from the papal legate 126
80. Chapter 72 How King Fernando began to prepare for war, how King Enrique invaded the kingdom, and what happened as a result 127
81. Chapter 73 How King Enrique arrived at Lisbon, and the way the residents of the city went about protecting themselves 130
82. Chapter 74 How the admiral refused to allow the galleys of Portugal to fight against those of Castile, and how some Portuguese naos were captured because of him 132
83. Chapter 75 How the citizens of Lisbon fixed their suspicions on certain people resident in the city, how some were imprisoned, and two men killed 134
84. Chapter 76 How Vasco Martins de Melo and his son Gonçalo Vasques were taken captive in a skirmish 135
85. Chapter 77 How Count Alfonso attacked Cascais, and García Rodríguez [Taborda] was taken prisoner in a skirmish 136
86. Chapter 78 How Enrique Manuel fought with Pedro Sarmiento, and the Portuguese were defeated 138
87. Chapter 79 How Nuno Gonçalves de Faria was killed because he refused to give up the castle to Pedro Ruiz Sarmiento 139
88. Chapter 80 Concerning the conversation that King Enrique had with Diogo Lopes Pacheco about the siege of Lisbon 140
89. Chapter 81 Who this Diogo Lopes Pacheco was, and the occasion of his leaving for Castile 141
90. Chapter 82 How peace was made between King Enrique and King Fernando, and on what terms 144
91. Chapter 83 How the kings spoke together on the River Tagus and confirmed their agreement once again 147
92. Chapter 84 How Count Sancho married Princess Beatriz, and King Enrique departed for his own kingdom 149
93. Chapter 85 How the King of Navarre spoke with King Enrique regarding some matters on which they could not agree 151
94. Chapter 86 How King Fernando spoke with the nobles whom he was supposed to send forth from his kingdom, and how they departed from Portugal 152
95. Chapter 87 Of the policies that King Fernando set for the ordering and benefit of his kingdom, and the arms he commanded to be borne 153
96. Chapter 88 How King Fernando ordered that the city of Lisbon be surrounded with a wall 156
97. Chapter 89 How King Fernando ordered that the lands of his kingdom should be cultivated and improved 158
98. Chapter 90 Of the privileges that King Fernando awarded to all those who bought or built ships 161
99. Chapter 91 How King Fernando organized a maritime company, and the plan he ordered to be followed in this 162
100. Chapter 92 Concerning the treaty that King Enrique and King Fernando drew up against the King of Aragon and the conditions in it 165
101. Chapter 93 Concerning the message King Enrique sent to King Fernando and how he promised him the help of five galleys 167
102. Chapter 94 How King Enrique sent to ask the King of Aragon for his daughter, and how she married his son Prince Juan 168
103. Chapter 95 How Count Alfonso, son of King Enrique, married Dona Isabel, daughter of King Fernando 169
104. Chapter 96 How Princess Beatriz of Portugal married Don Fadrique, the son of the King of Castile, and under what conditions 171
105. Chapter 97 Concerning the treaty King Fernando made with the Duke of Anjou to wage war on Aragon 172
106. Chapter 98 Concerning the abilities and character of Prince João of Portugal 174
107. Chapter 99 Concerning what happened to Prince João with a bear and a boar while he was out hunting 175
108. Chapter 100 How Prince João fell in love with Dona Maria, the sister of the queen, and married her secretly 177
109. Chapter 101 How the queen spoke of the matter to Count João Afonso and concerning the conversations that the count had with Prince João 180
110. Chapter 102 How the prince arrived at Alcanhões where the king was and concerning the message that Dona Maria received that he was coming 182
111. Chapter 103 How the prince arrived in Coimbra to kill Dona Maria, and concerning the words he had with her before he killed her 183
112. Chapter 104 How Prince João was pardoned and how he came to see the king and queen 186
113. Chapter 105 How the prince left Court feeling sorrowful and went to the Minho 188
114. Chapter 106 How the prince left in fear for Castile and what happened after he left 189
115. Chapter 107 How Pope Gregory died, and Don Bartolommeo, the Archbishop of Bari, was elected in his place and named Urban VI 190
116. Chapter 108 How some cardinals left Pope Urban and elected another Pope whom they called Clement VII 194
117. Chapter 109 The cardinals’ excuse for electing a [different] Pope, and a response to the two stronger reasons they gave for it 196
118. Chapter 110 Concerning the war that broke out between Castile and Navarre, and concerning the death of King Enrique 198
119. Chapter 111 How King Juan of Castile reigned and a son, given the name of Enrique, was born to him 200
120. Chapter 112 How the treaty was arranged for the marriage of Princess Beatriz of Portugal and Prince Enrique, the son of the King of Castile 201
121. Chapter 113 How the King of Castile and the King of Portugal declared for Pope Clement and gave him their obedience 203
122. Chapter 114 How King Fernando asked those who were privy to him for advice on how he could wage war against the King of Castile, and the reply they gave him on the matter 205
123. Chapter 115 How Juan Fernández Andeiro came to speak with the king about the coming of the English and how the king dealt with him 207
124. Chapter 116 How the King of Castile found out that King Fernando wanted to wage war and on how he dealt with it 209
125. Chapter 117 How the Master of Santiago of Castile entered Portugal, took a great quantity of plunder with him and returned safely 210
126. Chapter 118 How Count Álvaro Pérez made a raid on Badajoz and what happened to him and the city defenders 211
127. Chapter 119 How King Fernando ordered the officers of the marches in the Alentejo to go and fight the Castilian Master of Santiago 212
128. Chapter 120 How the officers of the marches in the Alentejo joined together to fight the Master [of Santiago], and why that did not ensue 213
129. Chapter 121 How Nuno Álvares ordered Juan de Osórez, the son of the Master of Santiago, to be challenged to a duel and the reason why he was moved to do this 215
130. Chapter 122 How King Fernando was informed of Nuno Álvares’s challenge and ordered his brother not to consent to it 216
131. Chapter 123 What the king said to Nuno Álvares concerning his challenge and the reasons he gave him in reply 217
132. Chapter 124 How the galleys of Portugal went out to seek those of Castile, and how they were found in the harbour of Saltes 218
133. Chapter 125 How the galleys of Portugal fought with those of Castile, and how those of Portugal were defeated 220
134. Chapter 126 How King Fernando received news that his fleet was lost 222
135. Chapter 127 How Prince João asked some Portuguese to hand Lisbon over to him, and how it was not done as he had wanted 223
136. Chapter 128 Concerning the message that the king received about the English fleet, and how it arrived in Lisbon 224
137. Chapter 129 How the earl and the other captains were lodged in the city, and the manner in which the king treated them 226
138. Chapter 130 How the king declared for the Pope of Rome and betrothed his daughter to the Earl of Cambridge 228
139. Chapter 131 How the King of Castile had news of the arrival of the English, and the way he acted upon this 229
140. Chapter 132 Concerning the bad behaviour of the English towards the inhabitants of the realm, and how the king did not put a stop to it because he needed them 231
141. Chapter 133 How the galleys from Castile arrived in Lisbon and, being unable to harm the ships of the English, they returned to Seville 232
142. Chapter 134 How the king and the English left Lisbon and arrived at the city of Évora 233
143. Chapter 135 How the Castilian fleet came to Lisbon, and of the harm and damage it inflicted on various places 235
144. Chapter 136 Why Gonçalo Mendes de Vasconcelos was relieved of his post as governor, and was replaced by the Prior of Crato in Lisbon 236
145. Chapter 137 How Nuno Álvares set an ambush for those of the fleet, and how he fared in the encounter 237
146. Chapter 138 Concerning the arguments that Nuno Álvares put to his men to encourage them to fight, and what happened to him when alone fighting the Castilians 238
147. Chapter 139 How the motive arose for the imprisonment of the Master of Avis and of Gonçalo Vasques de Azevedo 240
148. Chapter 140 How Vasco Gomes de Abreu spoke to the queen, and concerning the discussion they had together 242
149. Chapter 141 How the king decided to order the arrest of both the Master of Avis, his brother, and of Gonçalo Vasques de Azevedo, and for what reason 243
150. Chapter 142 How the king ordered the arrest of his brother, the Master of Avis, and of Gonçalo Vasques de Azevedo 244
151. Chapter 143 Concerning the message that Vasco Martins received, that he should kill the Master and Gonçalo Vasques, and how he did not wish to do so 247
152. Chapter 144 Concerning the great fear suffered by the Master and Gonçalo Vasques de Azevedo, and how the queen sought an opportunity to kill Gonçalo Vasques 248
153. Chapter 145 How the Master arranged to flee, and the manner in which it was to be 250
154. Chapter 146 How the Master was released and dined that day with the queen, and concerning the discussion he had with her 251
155. Chapter 147 How the Master went to see the king, and concerning the conversation that he had with him; and concerning the arguments that the Master put forward in the house of the Earl of Cambridge 252
156. Chapter 148 How Lourenço Martins had desired to kill Vasco Porcalho and the Master told him that he should not do so 254
157. Chapter 149 How the English, and the Master with them, entered Castile and took the castles of Lobón and Cortijo 255
158. Chapter 150 How King Fernando and the English arrived at Elvas, and how the queen gave birth to a son there 257
159. Chapter 151 How Nuno Álvares begged leave of the prior to take part in the battle with the king and, when he was denied it, what the manner of his departure was 258
160. Chapter 152 How the King of Castile gathered his people together and came to Badajoz with them 260
161. Chapter 153 How King Fernando prepared for battle and waited in the field, but the King of Castile did not want to fight 261
162. Chapter 154 How peace was negotiated between King Fernando and King Juan of Castile, and upon what conditions 262
163. Chapter 155 How Count Álvaro Pérez de Castro and Gonçalo Vasques conveyed the documents of the peace treaty, and concerning the discussions that took place before it was signed 264
164. Chapter 156 How the English found out that a peace had been negotiated, and how the hostages were exchanged 266
165. Chapter 157 How the Queen of Castile died, and it was arranged that the king should marry the Portuguese princess 268
166. Chapter 158 How the marriage between the King of Castile and the Portuguese princess was arranged, and with what conditions 270
167. Chapter 159 Concerning the vows that were sworn between the kings to safeguard the matters contained in the agreements 273
168. Chapter 160 How the Portuguese princess broke off the betrothal she had made and accepted the King of Castile as her husband, through his proctor 274
169. Chapter 161 How the queen left for Elvas with her daughter and with other people who accompanied them 276
170. Chapter 162 How the king sent his excuses to the King of England for the marriage of his daughter which he had arranged 277
171. Chapter 163 How the King of Castile left his kingdom and went to Badajoz 278
172. Chapter 164 How the King of Castile approved the pacts before he received his wife, the princess 279
173. Chapter 165 How the King of Castile left for Elvas and how he took the Portuguese princess to wife 280
174. Chapter 166 What happened to Nuno Álvares, as the King of Castile was sitting down to eat, and what the queen said to the king when she had to take leave of him 282
175. Chapter 167 How King Juan celebrated his marriage in Badajoz and later returned to Elvas and bade farewell to his mother-in-law, Queen Leonor 283
176. Chapter 168 How the king left Badajoz and went to besiege Count Don Alfonso, and concerning other things that happened afterwards 285
177. Chapter 169 How King Fernando ordered people to go to Castile to receive the vows of allegiance because of the treaties, and who were the men who made them 286
178. Chapter 170 How the prelates and nobles of Castile made their oaths and pledges 288
179. Chapter 171 How Castilian representatives went to Portugal to receive similar pledges in respect of the agreements 290
180. Chapter 172 How the king and queen left Almada and went to Lisbon, where King Fernando died 291
181. Chapter 173 How Queen Leonor became ruler of the kingdom, and what the people of Lisbon said to her 293
182. Chapter 174 Concerning the reply that the queen gave to the speeches made by the inhabitants of Lisbon 296
183. Chapter 175 How a banner in support of the Queen of Castile was raised in Lisbon, and what happened afterwards 297
184. Chapter 176 How Queen Beatriz’s banner was raised in Santarém, and what happened there on that day 299
185. Chapter 177 Concerning what happened in Elvas when Álvaro Pereira raised the banner for Queen Beatriz 300
186. Chapter 178 Concerning the message that the King of Castile sent to the Portuguese nobles when they attended the month’s mind of King Fernando 302
187. Bibliography of works cited 303