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The Chronicles of Fernão Lopes
Volume 2. The Chronicle of King Fernando of Portugal
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Edited by:
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With contributions by:
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Translated by:
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Editor-in-Chief:
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Preface by:
Language:
English
Published/Copyright:
2023
About this book
Volume II of the first complete English translation of the chronicles of Fernão Lopes chronicles the reign of Fernando I (1367-1383) including Portugal's involvement in the Hundred Years' War, the military conflicts with Castile, the alliances with England, Aragon and Granada, the king's marriage with Leonor Teles, and the dispute over the succession to the Portuguese throne.'
Until now, the chronicles of Fernão Lopes (c.1380-c.1460) have only been available in critical editions or in partial translations. Comparable to the works of Froissart in France or López de Ayala in Spain, the chronicles provide a wealth of detail on late fourteenth-century politics, diplomacy, warfare and economic matters, courtly society, queenship and noble women, as well as more mundane concerns such as food, health and the purchasing power of a fluctuating currency. Lopes had a keen eye for detail and a perspective especially attuned to the common people, and his chronicles provide an invaluable source for the history of Western Europe in the later Middle Ages.
Until now, the chronicles of Fernão Lopes (c.1380-c.1460) have only been available in critical editions or in partial translations. Comparable to the works of Froissart in France or López de Ayala in Spain, the chronicles provide a wealth of detail on late fourteenth-century politics, diplomacy, warfare and economic matters, courtly society, queenship and noble women, as well as more mundane concerns such as food, health and the purchasing power of a fluctuating currency. Lopes had a keen eye for detail and a perspective especially attuned to the common people, and his chronicles provide an invaluable source for the history of Western Europe in the later Middle Ages.
Author / Editor information
Contributor: Amélia P Hutchinson
Amélia P. Hutchinson is Senior Lecturer Emerita in Portuguese at the University of Georgia, USA; Director of the Fernão Lopes Translation Project; and Integrated Research Fellow at the Instituto de Estudos Medievais (IEM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal.
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Contributor: Teresa Amado
Teresa Amado was a Professor at the Universidade Clássica de Lisboa, Portugal.
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Contributor: Juliet Perkins
Juliet Perkins is Visiting Senior Research Fellow at King's College London, UK.
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Contributor: Philip Krummrich
Philip Krummrich is Professor in Communications, Media & Languages at Morehead State University, Kentucky, USA.
Topics
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Frontmatter
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CONTENTS
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List of Illustrations
xix -
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Sponsors
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Abbreviations
xxi -
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Introduction: The Chronicle of King Fernando of Portugal
1 - The Chronicle of King Fernando of Portugal
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Prologue
11 -
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Chapter 1 How the King of Aragon and King Enrique [of Castile] made treaties with King Fernando
15 -
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Chapter 2 Concerning the agreements which King Enrique reached with the King of Navarre
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Chapter 3 How King Pedro met with the Prince of Wales and how they joined forces to enter Castile
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Chapter 4 How the King of Navarre contrived to avoid the campaign in aid of King Pedro
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Chapter 5 Concerning King Enrique’s forces and how he prepared his campaign
21 -
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Chapter 6 How King Pedro and the prince drew up their battle-lines, and how King Pedro was dubbed a knight
23 -
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Chapter 7 How the Prince of Wales sent a letter to King Enrique, and about what it contained
24 -
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Chapter 8 Concerning the reply that King Enrique sent to the prince’s letter
25 -
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Chapter 9 How the battle was fought between the two kings and how King Enrique was defeated
26 -
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Chapter 10 How the prince declared that the Marshal of France deserved to die and how the plea was decided by a court of knights
28 -
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Chapter 11 Concerning the discussions that King Pedro held with the prince about the capture of the prisoners
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Chapter 12 Concerning the agreements made between the prince and King Pedro about the matters which the king had promised the prince to attend to
30 -
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Chapter 13 Concerning the persons whom King Pedro killed after leaving Burgos, and how he made a peace treaty with King Fernando of Portugal
33 -
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Chapter 14 Concerning what happened to King Enrique after he fled the battle, as well as to the queen, his wife
35 -
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Chapter 15 Concerning King Enrique’s meeting with the Duke of Anjou and the great welcome he received from the King of France
37 -
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Chapter 16 How King Enrique arranged to return to Castile and how the King of Aragon prevented him from passing through his kingdom
38 -
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Chapter 17 How King Enrique entered Burgos and took the castle and the Jewish quarter
40 -
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Chapter 18 How King Enrique laid siege to the city of León and ordered the minting of the coin known as the sesén
41 -
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Chapter 19 How King Pedro summoned the Emir of Granada to his aid, and how the city of Córdoba was nearly lost
42 -
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Chapter 20 Concerning the steps taken by King Enrique to capture Toledo and how he assembled his forces to fight against King Pedro
44 -
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Chapter 21 How King Enrique and King Pedro joined battle and how King Pedro was defeated
46 -
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Chapter 22 Concerning the discussions held between Men Rodríguez de Sanabria and Sir Bertrand du Guesclin about the besieged King Pedro
47 -
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Chapter 23 How King Pedro got away from Montiel, how he was killed and where
49 -
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Chapter 24 How it became known throughout the kingdom that King Pedro was dead, and how King Enrique was received in various places
51 -
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Chapter 25 The names of the places which declared for King Fernando, and the forces which went over to his side
52 -
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Chapter 26 Concerning the treaties which King Fernando made with the Emir of Granada with a view to their waging war against King Enrique
53 -
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Chapter 27 How King Fernando received those noblemen who came over to him from Castile
54 -
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Chapter 28 How the King acted in respect of those places in Castile which had declared for him
56 -
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Chapter 29 How a marriage was negotiated between King Fernando and Princess Leonor, the daughter of the King of Aragon
57 -
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Chapter 30 How King Fernando headed for Galicia, and how the town of La Coruña went over to him
58 -
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Chapter 31 How Monterrey was captured
59 -
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Chapter 32 Concerning King Fernando’s departure from La Coruña when he learnt that King Enrique was on his way to do battle with him
61 -
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Chapter 33 How King Enrique laid siege to Braga and took it by surrender
62 -
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Chapter 34 How King Enrique laid siege to Guimarães, and how Count Fernando de Castro took refuge there
63 -
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Chapter 35 How King Fernando left Coimbra to go to the aid of Guimarães, and which were the towns that the King of Castile captured
65 -
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Chapter 36 Concerning King Fernando’s return and the officers of the marches whom he posted in a few places
66 -
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Chapter 37 How Gil Fernandes made a foray into Castile and how he brought back the plunder from his raid
68 -
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Chapter 38 How a number of Portuguese officers of the marches fought against the Castilians and what happened to each one of them
69 -
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Chapter 39 Concerning the towns which Gomes Lourenço captured, and how João Rodrigues fought against the forces from Ledesma
70 -
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Chapter 40 How King Enrique surrounded Ciudad Rodrigo and why he abandoned the siege
71 -
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Chapter 41 How Zamora was surrounded by Queen Juana, and how the sons of Alfonso López de Tejada were killed
73 -
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Chapter 42 Concerning the fleet of ships and galleys which King Fernando sent to Barrameda, and what his troops suffered while they were there
75 -
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Chapter 43 Debates about the truce which some have said that the Emir of Granada made with the Castilians
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Chapter 44 How the Castilian galleys sought to do battle with those from Portugal yet did not succeed, and the reason why the Portuguese fleet left the Seville River
78 -
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Chapter 45 How the inhabitants of Carmona sent a message to King Fernando entreating him to go to their aid, and the answer which he gave to the messenger
81 -
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Chapter 46 How King Enrique laid siege to Carmona, and how Don Martín López negotiated the surrender of the town to him
83 -
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Chapter 47 Concerning the narratives which some have offered, when speaking of the betrothal of King Fernando to the Princess of Aragon
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Chapter 48 What led King Fernando to amass the gold which he sent to Aragon and what was its total value
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Chapter 49 How the count left Lisbon for Aragon, and how he arrived there with all the treasure which he was taking along
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Chapter 50 What the count ordered should be done with the gold which he had brought, and how the soldiers began to receive pay for the service they were intended to give
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Chapter 51 How Count João Afonso [Telo] left for Portugal, and why the princess was not brought there
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Chapter 52 How the clauses relating to the war were changed yet again, and how the King of Aragon sent his message to King Fernando
93 -
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Chapter 53 How peace was negotiated between King Enrique and King Fernando, and what were the conditions
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Chapter 54 How the King of Aragon ordered the seizure from Afonso Domingues Barateiro of all the gold that he had under his control
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Chapter 55 Concerning the coins which King Fernando changed, and of the different values which he placed on each
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Chapter 56 How King Fernando changed the value of certain coins and fixed the prices of all things
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Chapter 57 How King Fernando fell in love with Dona Leonor Teles and secretly married her
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Chapter 58 How King Fernando informed the King of Castile that he could not marry his daughter
106 -
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Chapter 59 How King Fernando and King Enrique revised certain clauses of the Treaty of Alcoutim
107 -
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Chapter 60 How the people of Lisbon spoke to the king about his marriage, and about the answer that he gave them
109 -
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Chapter 61 How King Fernando refused to address his people as he had promised, and secretly left Lisbon
110 -
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Chapter 62 How King Fernando publicly married Dona Leonor, and how she came to be called the Queen of Portugal
112 -
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Chapter 63 Various arguments advanced by certain people concerning King Fernando’s marriage
113 -
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Chapter 64 Concerning the discussion which the king had with a member of his Royal Council about his marriage to Queen Leonor
114 -
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Chapter 65 How Queen Leonor promoted the marriages of certain noblemen of the realm, and how she extended great privileges to other members of her family
116 -
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Chapter 66 How King Enrique sent Diogo Lopes Pacheco to King Fernando to find out whether he still wished to be his friend, and the answer that Diogo Lopes brought back
118 -
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Chapter 67 How King Fernando and the Duke of Lancaster formed an alliance against the King of Castile and the King of Aragon
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Chapter 68 How King Enrique sent a message to King Fernando to propose peace to him, and concerning the arguments used by his envoy
121 -
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Chapter 69 Concerning the reply which King Fernando gave to the bishop, and how the bishop took his leave and departed
123 -
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Chapter 70 How the bishop arrived in Castile, and how King Enrique decided to wage war on Portugal
125 -
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Chapter 71 How King Enrique entered Portugal, and the message he received from the papal legate
126 -
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Chapter 72 How King Fernando began to prepare for war, how King Enrique invaded the kingdom, and what happened as a result
127 -
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Chapter 73 How King Enrique arrived at Lisbon, and the way the residents of the city went about protecting themselves
130 -
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Chapter 74 How the admiral refused to allow the galleys of Portugal to fight against those of Castile, and how some Portuguese naos were captured because of him
132 -
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Chapter 75 How the citizens of Lisbon fixed their suspicions on certain people resident in the city, how some were imprisoned, and two men killed
134 -
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Chapter 76 How Vasco Martins de Melo and his son Gonçalo Vasques were taken captive in a skirmish
135 -
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Chapter 77 How Count Alfonso attacked Cascais, and García Rodríguez [Taborda] was taken prisoner in a skirmish
136 -
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Chapter 78 How Enrique Manuel fought with Pedro Sarmiento, and the Portuguese were defeated
138 -
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Chapter 79 How Nuno Gonçalves de Faria was killed because he refused to give up the castle to Pedro Ruiz Sarmiento
139 -
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Chapter 80 Concerning the conversation that King Enrique had with Diogo Lopes Pacheco about the siege of Lisbon
140 -
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Chapter 81 Who this Diogo Lopes Pacheco was, and the occasion of his leaving for Castile
141 -
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Chapter 82 How peace was made between King Enrique and King Fernando, and on what terms
144 -
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Chapter 83 How the kings spoke together on the River Tagus and confirmed their agreement once again
147 -
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Chapter 84 How Count Sancho married Princess Beatriz, and King Enrique departed for his own kingdom
149 -
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Chapter 85 How the King of Navarre spoke with King Enrique regarding some matters on which they could not agree
151 -
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Chapter 86 How King Fernando spoke with the nobles whom he was supposed to send forth from his kingdom, and how they departed from Portugal
152 -
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Chapter 87 Of the policies that King Fernando set for the ordering and benefit of his kingdom, and the arms he commanded to be borne
153 -
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Chapter 88 How King Fernando ordered that the city of Lisbon be surrounded with a wall
156 -
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Chapter 89 How King Fernando ordered that the lands of his kingdom should be cultivated and improved
158 -
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Chapter 90 Of the privileges that King Fernando awarded to all those who bought or built ships
161 -
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Chapter 91 How King Fernando organized a maritime company, and the plan he ordered to be followed in this
162 -
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Chapter 92 Concerning the treaty that King Enrique and King Fernando drew up against the King of Aragon and the conditions in it
165 -
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Chapter 93 Concerning the message King Enrique sent to King Fernando and how he promised him the help of five galleys
167 -
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Chapter 94 How King Enrique sent to ask the King of Aragon for his daughter, and how she married his son Prince Juan
168 -
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Chapter 95 How Count Alfonso, son of King Enrique, married Dona Isabel, daughter of King Fernando
169 -
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Chapter 96 How Princess Beatriz of Portugal married Don Fadrique, the son of the King of Castile, and under what conditions
171 -
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Chapter 97 Concerning the treaty King Fernando made with the Duke of Anjou to wage war on Aragon
172 -
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Chapter 98 Concerning the abilities and character of Prince João of Portugal
174 -
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Chapter 99 Concerning what happened to Prince João with a bear and a boar while he was out hunting
175 -
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Chapter 100 How Prince João fell in love with Dona Maria, the sister of the queen, and married her secretly
177 -
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Chapter 101 How the queen spoke of the matter to Count João Afonso and concerning the conversations that the count had with Prince João
180 -
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Chapter 102 How the prince arrived at Alcanhões where the king was and concerning the message that Dona Maria received that he was coming
182 -
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Chapter 103 How the prince arrived in Coimbra to kill Dona Maria, and concerning the words he had with her before he killed her
183 -
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Chapter 104 How Prince João was pardoned and how he came to see the king and queen
186 -
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Chapter 105 How the prince left Court feeling sorrowful and went to the Minho
188 -
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Chapter 106 How the prince left in fear for Castile and what happened after he left
189 -
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Chapter 107 How Pope Gregory died, and Don Bartolommeo, the Archbishop of Bari, was elected in his place and named Urban VI
190 -
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Chapter 108 How some cardinals left Pope Urban and elected another Pope whom they called Clement VII
194 -
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Chapter 109 The cardinals’ excuse for electing a [different] Pope, and a response to the two stronger reasons they gave for it
196 -
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Chapter 110 Concerning the war that broke out between Castile and Navarre, and concerning the death of King Enrique
198 -
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Chapter 111 How King Juan of Castile reigned and a son, given the name of Enrique, was born to him
200 -
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Chapter 112 How the treaty was arranged for the marriage of Princess Beatriz of Portugal and Prince Enrique, the son of the King of Castile
201 -
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Chapter 113 How the King of Castile and the King of Portugal declared for Pope Clement and gave him their obedience
203 -
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Chapter 114 How King Fernando asked those who were privy to him for advice on how he could wage war against the King of Castile, and the reply they gave him on the matter
205 -
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Chapter 115 How Juan Fernández Andeiro came to speak with the king about the coming of the English and how the king dealt with him
207 -
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Chapter 116 How the King of Castile found out that King Fernando wanted to wage war and on how he dealt with it
209 -
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Chapter 117 How the Master of Santiago of Castile entered Portugal, took a great quantity of plunder with him and returned safely
210 -
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Chapter 118 How Count Álvaro Pérez made a raid on Badajoz and what happened to him and the city defenders
211 -
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Chapter 119 How King Fernando ordered the officers of the marches in the Alentejo to go and fight the Castilian Master of Santiago
212 -
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Chapter 120 How the officers of the marches in the Alentejo joined together to fight the Master [of Santiago], and why that did not ensue
213 -
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Chapter 121 How Nuno Álvares ordered Juan de Osórez, the son of the Master of Santiago, to be challenged to a duel and the reason why he was moved to do this
215 -
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Chapter 122 How King Fernando was informed of Nuno Álvares’s challenge and ordered his brother not to consent to it
216 -
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Chapter 123 What the king said to Nuno Álvares concerning his challenge and the reasons he gave him in reply
217 -
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Chapter 124 How the galleys of Portugal went out to seek those of Castile, and how they were found in the harbour of Saltes
218 -
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Chapter 125 How the galleys of Portugal fought with those of Castile, and how those of Portugal were defeated
220 -
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Chapter 126 How King Fernando received news that his fleet was lost
222 -
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Chapter 127 How Prince João asked some Portuguese to hand Lisbon over to him, and how it was not done as he had wanted
223 -
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Chapter 128 Concerning the message that the king received about the English fleet, and how it arrived in Lisbon
224 -
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Chapter 129 How the earl and the other captains were lodged in the city, and the manner in which the king treated them
226 -
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Chapter 130 How the king declared for the Pope of Rome and betrothed his daughter to the Earl of Cambridge
228 -
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Chapter 131 How the King of Castile had news of the arrival of the English, and the way he acted upon this
229 -
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Chapter 132 Concerning the bad behaviour of the English towards the inhabitants of the realm, and how the king did not put a stop to it because he needed them
231 -
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Chapter 133 How the galleys from Castile arrived in Lisbon and, being unable to harm the ships of the English, they returned to Seville
232 -
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Chapter 134 How the king and the English left Lisbon and arrived at the city of Évora
233 -
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Chapter 135 How the Castilian fleet came to Lisbon, and of the harm and damage it inflicted on various places
235 -
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Chapter 136 Why Gonçalo Mendes de Vasconcelos was relieved of his post as governor, and was replaced by the Prior of Crato in Lisbon
236 -
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Chapter 137 How Nuno Álvares set an ambush for those of the fleet, and how he fared in the encounter
237 -
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Chapter 138 Concerning the arguments that Nuno Álvares put to his men to encourage them to fight, and what happened to him when alone fighting the Castilians
238 -
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Chapter 139 How the motive arose for the imprisonment of the Master of Avis and of Gonçalo Vasques de Azevedo
240 -
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Chapter 140 How Vasco Gomes de Abreu spoke to the queen, and concerning the discussion they had together
242 -
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Chapter 141 How the king decided to order the arrest of both the Master of Avis, his brother, and of Gonçalo Vasques de Azevedo, and for what reason
243 -
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Chapter 142 How the king ordered the arrest of his brother, the Master of Avis, and of Gonçalo Vasques de Azevedo
244 -
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Chapter 143 Concerning the message that Vasco Martins received, that he should kill the Master and Gonçalo Vasques, and how he did not wish to do so
247 -
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Chapter 144 Concerning the great fear suffered by the Master and Gonçalo Vasques de Azevedo, and how the queen sought an opportunity to kill Gonçalo Vasques
248 -
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Chapter 145 How the Master arranged to flee, and the manner in which it was to be
250 -
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Chapter 146 How the Master was released and dined that day with the queen, and concerning the discussion he had with her
251 -
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Chapter 147 How the Master went to see the king, and concerning the conversation that he had with him; and concerning the arguments that the Master put forward in the house of the Earl of Cambridge
252 -
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Chapter 148 How Lourenço Martins had desired to kill Vasco Porcalho and the Master told him that he should not do so
254 -
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Chapter 149 How the English, and the Master with them, entered Castile and took the castles of Lobón and Cortijo
255 -
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Chapter 150 How King Fernando and the English arrived at Elvas, and how the queen gave birth to a son there
257 -
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Chapter 151 How Nuno Álvares begged leave of the prior to take part in the battle with the king and, when he was denied it, what the manner of his departure was
258 -
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Chapter 152 How the King of Castile gathered his people together and came to Badajoz with them
260 -
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Chapter 153 How King Fernando prepared for battle and waited in the field, but the King of Castile did not want to fight
261 -
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Chapter 154 How peace was negotiated between King Fernando and King Juan of Castile, and upon what conditions
262 -
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Chapter 155 How Count Álvaro Pérez de Castro and Gonçalo Vasques conveyed the documents of the peace treaty, and concerning the discussions that took place before it was signed
264 -
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Chapter 156 How the English found out that a peace had been negotiated, and how the hostages were exchanged
266 -
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Chapter 157 How the Queen of Castile died, and it was arranged that the king should marry the Portuguese princess
268 -
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Chapter 158 How the marriage between the King of Castile and the Portuguese princess was arranged, and with what conditions
270 -
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Chapter 159 Concerning the vows that were sworn between the kings to safeguard the matters contained in the agreements
273 -
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Chapter 160 How the Portuguese princess broke off the betrothal she had made and accepted the King of Castile as her husband, through his proctor
274 -
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Chapter 161 How the queen left for Elvas with her daughter and with other people who accompanied them
276 -
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Chapter 162 How the king sent his excuses to the King of England for the marriage of his daughter which he had arranged
277 -
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Chapter 163 How the King of Castile left his kingdom and went to Badajoz
278 -
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Chapter 164 How the King of Castile approved the pacts before he received his wife, the princess
279 -
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Chapter 165 How the King of Castile left for Elvas and how he took the Portuguese princess to wife
280 -
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Chapter 166 What happened to Nuno Álvares, as the King of Castile was sitting down to eat, and what the queen said to the king when she had to take leave of him
282 -
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Chapter 167 How King Juan celebrated his marriage in Badajoz and later returned to Elvas and bade farewell to his mother-in-law, Queen Leonor
283 -
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Chapter 168 How the king left Badajoz and went to besiege Count Don Alfonso, and concerning other things that happened afterwards
285 -
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Chapter 169 How King Fernando ordered people to go to Castile to receive the vows of allegiance because of the treaties, and who were the men who made them
286 -
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Chapter 170 How the prelates and nobles of Castile made their oaths and pledges
288 -
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Chapter 171 How Castilian representatives went to Portugal to receive similar pledges in respect of the agreements
290 -
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Chapter 172 How the king and queen left Almada and went to Lisbon, where King Fernando died
291 -
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Chapter 173 How Queen Leonor became ruler of the kingdom, and what the people of Lisbon said to her
293 -
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Chapter 174 Concerning the reply that the queen gave to the speeches made by the inhabitants of Lisbon
296 -
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Chapter 175 How a banner in support of the Queen of Castile was raised in Lisbon, and what happened afterwards
297 -
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Chapter 176 How Queen Beatriz’s banner was raised in Santarém, and what happened there on that day
299 -
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Chapter 177 Concerning what happened in Elvas when Álvaro Pereira raised the banner for Queen Beatriz
300 -
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Chapter 178 Concerning the message that the King of Castile sent to the Portuguese nobles when they attended the month’s mind of King Fernando
302 -
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Bibliography of works cited
303
Publishing information
Pages and Images/Illustrations in book
eBook published on:
June 26, 2024
eBook ISBN:
9781805430117
Original publisher:
Tamesis Books
Pages and Images/Illustrations in book
eBook ISBN:
9781805430117
Keywords for this book
historiography; military history; diplomacy; kingship; queenship; royal itineraries; fifteenth century; criado; kinship; maritime history; chancery; Aljubarrota; Avis dynasty; João I; Castile; Lisbon; Lisboetas; Cortes; Coimbra; Oporto; providence; Aragon; justice; Navarre; treasury; Granada; Moors; siege; Pedro I
Audience(s) for this book
For an expert adult audience, including professional development and academic research
