Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. CONTENTS v
3. List of Figures and Tables x
4. Foreword xii
5. Introduction 1
6. Part I Founding of the Republic – What Was Envisaged?
7. 1 The State and its Constitutions: Constitutional Politics from Empire to Republic 11
8. 2 Post-war Reconstruction and Reforms of the 1920s and 1930s 27
9. 3 The Same Old New Turkey: The Contours of Turkish Politics from Atatürk to Erdoğan 38
10. Part II Political Ideologies in Turkey
11. 4 One Hundred Years of Kemalisms 53
12. 5 Imperious Nationalism in New Turkey: Foreign Policy Discourses in the AKP’s Electoral Manifestos 66
13. 6 Leftism in Turkey 78
14. 7 The Trajectory of Liberalism in Turkey: From the Ottoman Empire to the Present 90
15. Part III Governance Challenges and Politics
16. 8 Democracy in Turkey 107
17. 9 Civil–Military Relations in Turkey: Back to Square One Yet Again? 121
18. 10 Turkey’s Transformed State Identity 133
19. 11 Nothing is Different, but Everything has Changed: Party Politics in Turkey in its Centennial 144
20. 12 The Political-economic History of Modern Turkey: Political Institutions, Economic Dynamics and Democratisation 161
21. 13 Human Rights in Turkey 173
22. 14 Secularism and Islam in Turkey: A Century of Contention 184
23. 15 The Presidency of Religious Affairs (the Diyanet) and the Organisation of the Secular State 194
24. Part IV Turkey’s Conflicts and Protracted Political Fault Lines
25. 16 Non-Muslims in Turkey as the ‘Founding Other’ 215
26. 17 Alevis in Turkey: Past, Present and Future 229
27. 18 Relations between Turkey and Armenia 240
28. 19 The Kurdish Question: A Century Later 252
29. 20 The Turkish–Kurdish Peace Process: Reasons for Failure and Future Prospects 264
30. Part V Turkish Foreign Policy
31. 21 A Pragmatic Approach to Turkish Foreign Policy (1923–48) 279
32. 22 Turkish Foreign Policy during the Cold War: The Cyprus Issue and Other Determining Factors 291
33. 23 The Crisis of Turkish–American Relations 302
34. 24 Turkey’s Relationship with the Soviet Union and Russia 317
35. 25 Greece–Turkey Relations 329
36. 26 The Eastern Mediterranean in Turkish Foreign Policy: From the Defensive to the Assertive 342
37. 27 The Cyprus Conundrum in Turkish Foreign Policy 355
38. 28 A Century of Turkish Foreign Policy towards the Balkans: Imperial Legacy, Geography and Humanitarian Ties 367
39. 29 Turkey’s Policy towards Central Asia and the South Caucasus: Expectations, Failures and Achievements 380
40. 30 Turkey and the Middle East: From Defensive-pragmatic Engagement to Offensive-ideological Interventionism 393
41. 31 Turkey and Africa: Once Miles Apart, Now Reliable Allies? 405
42. 32 Turkish Foreign Policy and the Arab Spring: Opportunities and Challenges 417
43. 33 A Curious Love Affair? EU–Turkey Relations 431
44. 34 Turkey's Seven Decades of Ebb and Flow within NATO 443
45. 35 Turkey as a Global Aid Actor 455
46. Part VI Economy, Development and Environment
47. 36 A Century of Agriculture in Turkey: We’ve Come a Long Way 471
48. 37 Urbanisation in Turkey 485
49. 38 Every Drop Counts: A Century of Hydraulic Infrastructure Development in Turkey 501
50. 39 Turkey’s Energy Policy: Path Dependency of Carbon Lock-in 513
51. 40 Social Policy and the Welfare State: From ‘Modernisation’ to ‘De-Europeanisation’ 529
52. 41 Environmental Protection versus Economic Development in Turkey 540
53. 42 Disaster Risk Management in Turkey 553
54. Part VII Society and Culture
55. 43 Constructing the Youth of the Republic: Youth and Population Challenges in Modern Turkey 571
56. 44 Development of the Turkish Higher Education System between 1923 and 2023 583
57. 45 Turkey’s Civil Society between Repression, Neoliberalisation and Grassroots Mobilisation 597
58. 46 From Silent to Emphasised Gender and Sexuality in Turkey 610
59. 47 Turkey as a Migrant-sending State: Diaspora Formation, Mobilisation and Engagement Policies since 1923 625
60. 48 Journalistic Issues through a Century under Crackdown: From Idealistic Dreams to One-man Control 637
61. 49 Questioning Century-old Turkish Art through the Polarisation Concept 649
62. 50 Sport and Politics in Turkey 660
63. 51 Turkey’s Migration Management Regimes 674
64. 52 Refugees 694
65. 53 Revisionist, Resurgent Power, Breaking with the West, Sailing with Eurasianist Winds 707
66. Index 719