Chapter 4. Causal Models

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents v
3. Preface vii
4. Chapter 1. Introduction 1
5. Chapter 2. Mathematical Prelude: A Selective Introduction to Logic and Set Theory for Social Scientists 16
6. PART I. Causal Models and Inference
7. Chapter 3. Causes-of-Effects versus Effects-of-Causes 41
8. Chapter 4. Causal Models 51
9. Chapter 5. Asymmetry 64
10. Chapter 6. Hume’s Two Definitions of Cause 75
11. PART II. Within-Case Analysis
12. Chapter 7. Within-Case versus Cross-Case Causal Analysis 87
13. Chapter 8. Causal Mechanisms and Process Tracing 100
14. Chapter 9. Counterfactuals 115
15. PART III. Concepts and Measurement
16. Chapter 10. Concepts: Definitions, Indicators, and Error 127
17. Chapter 11. Meaning and Measurement 139
18. Chapter 12. Semantics, Statistics, and Data Transformations 150
19. Chapter 13. Conceptual Opposites and Typologies 161
20. PART IV. Research Design and Generalization
21. Chapter 14. Case Selection and Hypothesis Testing 177
22. Chapter 15. Generalizations 192
23. Chapter 16. Scope 205
24. Chapter 17. Conclusion 220
25. Appendix 227
26. Name Index 231
27. Subject Index 235