2 The Rise and Retreat of Supervisory Discretion: Implementing the National Banking Acts in the 1860s

Kapitel in diesem Buch

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents ix
3. Introduction 1
4. 1 Origins: The Early Republic and the Free Banking Era 21
5. Interlude: Supervision on Suspicion 41
6. 2 The Rise and Retreat of Supervisory Discretion: Implementing the National Banking Acts in the 1860s 47
7. Interlude: The Freedman’s Bank 75
8. 3 Competition and Crisis in the Gilded Age 79
9. Interlude: O. Henry and J.F.C. Nettlewick 104
10. 4 Central Banking and Bank Supervision: Complements and Alternatives in the Founding of the Federal Reserve 109
11. Interlude: Sioux Falls Falls 139
12. 5 The 1933 Bank Holiday and the Legitimacy of Supervision 143
13. Interlude: Banking on Bonds, for Better and Worse 166
14. 6 Supervision’s New Deal: The Competitive Institutionalization of the 1930s 173
15. Interlude: Supervising Japanese Banking 207
16. 7 Supervising Concentration: Holding Companies and Merger Review in the Postwar Years 213
17. Interlude: Training Examiners (and Bankers) in the 1950s 248
18. 8 The Saxon Invasion: The Supervisory Battle over Risk and Failure in the 1960s 253
19. Interlude: Bunco 280
20. 9 The Expansion of Residual Risk: Bank Supervision for Antidiscrimination, Consumer Protection, and Community Reinvestment 285
21. Conclusion: To What End, the Public Control of Private Finance 313
22. Acknowledgments 323
23. List of Abbreviations 327
24. Notes 331
25. Index 395