Cultures at the Susquehanna Confluence

A rare glimpse into life at the Susquehanna confluence, where Indigenous American and European worlds converged in the eighteenth century.

Located at the confluence of the north and west branches of the Susquehanna River, Shamokin was a significant historical settlement in the region that became Pennsylvania. By the time the Moravians arrived to set up a mission in the 1740s, Shamokin had been a site of intertribal commerce and refuge for the Native peoples of Pennsylvania for several centuries. It served first as a Susquehannock, then a Shawnee, and then a primarily Lenape settlement and trading post, overseen by the Oneida leader and diplomat Shikellamy.

Cultures at the Susquehanna Confluence is an annotated translation of the diaries documenting the Moravian mission to the area. Unlike other missions of the time, the Moravians at Shamokin integrated their work and daily life into the diverse cultures they encountered, demonstrating an unusual compromise between the Church’s missionary impetus and the needs of the Six Nations of the Iroquois. The diaries counter the dominant vision of the area around Shamokin as a sinister place, revealing instead a nexus of vibrant cultural exchange where women and men speaking Lenape, Mohican, English, and German collaborated in the business of survival at a pivotal time.

The Shamokin diaries, which until now existed only in manuscript form in difficult-to-read German script in the Moravian Archives in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, allow today’s readers to experience the Susquehanna confluence and the rich intercultural exchanges that took place there between Europeans and Native Americans.

A critical new primary resource for understanding interactions between Moravian missionaries and indigenous peoples of the Iroquois Confederacy in the eighteenth century (the Shamokin diaries only existed in a difficult-to-read German script in the Moravian Archives in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.)

Reveals the complexities and cross-cultural tensions between Europeans and indigenous peoples by highlighting negotiation, exchange, and collaboration during a time of enormous political and social upheaval.

Includes entries by David Zeisberger, perhaps the most famous observer of Native American life in the eighteenth century.

Features an essay by the late anthropologist David Minderhout on the history of Native peoples in the preceding centuries and a substantial critical introduction that discusses the context and significance of the diary.

Katherine M. Faull is Professor of German and Humanities at Bucknell University. She is the author or editor of six books and more than forty peer-reviewed articles and chapters. She serves on the editorial board of the Journal of Moravian History and is a member of the board of directors of the Moravian Archives in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.

Katherine M. Faull is Professor of German and Humanities at Bucknell University. She is the author or editor of six books and more than forty peer-reviewed articles and chapters. She serves on the editorial board of the Journal of Moravian History and is a member of the board of directors of the Moravian Archives in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.