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Chapter 4. Length of residence

Does it make a difference in older bilinguals?
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Abstract

Among papers considering L2 performance, a subset take into account the length of residence (LOR) in the country where the L2 is spoken. In about half of these, LOR makes no difference for performance of at least one variable measured. Since those who reside in an L2 environment for many years tend to be older, the beneficial effects of longer LOR may at some point be counteracted by declines due to aging. This article draws on research in cognitive aging to consider how age could impact L2 performance. This is particularly important when investigating the effects of LOR or age of L2 acquisition since LOR, age of acquisition, and age at testing are linearly dependent variables, making conclusions based on any of these variables problematic. We argue that aging is a largely ignored confound in the literature on L2 attainment, particularly for studies that include older adults in their samples.

Abstract

Among papers considering L2 performance, a subset take into account the length of residence (LOR) in the country where the L2 is spoken. In about half of these, LOR makes no difference for performance of at least one variable measured. Since those who reside in an L2 environment for many years tend to be older, the beneficial effects of longer LOR may at some point be counteracted by declines due to aging. This article draws on research in cognitive aging to consider how age could impact L2 performance. This is particularly important when investigating the effects of LOR or age of L2 acquisition since LOR, age of acquisition, and age at testing are linearly dependent variables, making conclusions based on any of these variables problematic. We argue that aging is a largely ignored confound in the literature on L2 attainment, particularly for studies that include older adults in their samples.

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Prelim pages i
  2. Table of contents v
  3. Chapter 1. The importance of bilingualism for the aging brain 1
  4. Chapter 2. Cognitive problems in older adults 9
  5. Chapter 3. How aging and bilingualism influence language processing 21
  6. Chapter 4. Length of residence 55
  7. Chapter 5. Individual differences in cognitive control advantages of elderly late Dutch-English bilinguals 77
  8. Chapter 6. Does bilingual language control decline in older age? 99
  9. Chapter 7. Auditory word recognition across the lifespan 131
  10. Chapter 8. Executive control processes in verbal and nonverbal working memory 161
  11. Chapter 9. Bilingualism, cognitive reserve and Alzheimer’s disease 185
  12. Chapter 10. The effect of language skills on dementia in a Swedish longitudinal cohort 205
  13. Chapter 11. Bilingualism, cognitive reserve, aging, and dementia 219
  14. Chapter 12. The impact of bilingualism on cognitive ageing and dementia 243
  15. Chapter 13. History-inspired reflections on the Bilingual Advantages Hypothesis 265
  16. Index 297
Growing Old with Two Languages
Ein Kapitel aus dem Buch Growing Old with Two Languages
https://doi.org/10.1075/sibil.53.04hig

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Prelim pages i
  2. Table of contents v
  3. Chapter 1. The importance of bilingualism for the aging brain 1
  4. Chapter 2. Cognitive problems in older adults 9
  5. Chapter 3. How aging and bilingualism influence language processing 21
  6. Chapter 4. Length of residence 55
  7. Chapter 5. Individual differences in cognitive control advantages of elderly late Dutch-English bilinguals 77
  8. Chapter 6. Does bilingual language control decline in older age? 99
  9. Chapter 7. Auditory word recognition across the lifespan 131
  10. Chapter 8. Executive control processes in verbal and nonverbal working memory 161
  11. Chapter 9. Bilingualism, cognitive reserve and Alzheimer’s disease 185
  12. Chapter 10. The effect of language skills on dementia in a Swedish longitudinal cohort 205
  13. Chapter 11. Bilingualism, cognitive reserve, aging, and dementia 219
  14. Chapter 12. The impact of bilingualism on cognitive ageing and dementia 243
  15. Chapter 13. History-inspired reflections on the Bilingual Advantages Hypothesis 265
  16. Index 297
Heruntergeladen am 21.4.2026 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1075/sibil.53.04hig/html
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