John Benjamins Publishing Company
Have to, gotta, must ?
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of forms used to express obligation/necessity in a variety of northern British English reveal that must is decreasing across generations. Instead of a marked increase in got to and gotta as reported for southern varieties of British English, these forms are used very little. Instead, there is stable variability between have to and have got to.
Multivariate analysis of internal and external factors contributing to the different forms demonstrates that have got to is favoured for generic statements, while have to is favoured for stative, personal statements. However, there is no significant effect of age or sex. It is suggested that have to and have got to both remain vigorous in this variety due to specialization of their respective functions.
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of forms used to express obligation/necessity in a variety of northern British English reveal that must is decreasing across generations. Instead of a marked increase in got to and gotta as reported for southern varieties of British English, these forms are used very little. Instead, there is stable variability between have to and have got to.
Multivariate analysis of internal and external factors contributing to the different forms demonstrates that have got to is favoured for generic statements, while have to is favoured for stative, personal statements. However, there is no significant effect of age or sex. It is suggested that have to and have got to both remain vigorous in this variety due to specialization of their respective functions.
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Prelim pages i
- Table of contents v
- Preface vii
- Introduction ix
- Three perspectives on grammaticalization 1
- Have to, gotta, must ? 33
- The semantic path from modality to aspect 57
- The passival and the progressive passive 79
- Corpus linguistics and grammaticalisation theory 121
- Grammaticalisation from side to side 151
- Are low-frequency complex prepositions grammaticalized? 171
- Life after degrammaticalisation 211
- Subject clitics in English 227
- Name index 257
- Subject index 261
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Prelim pages i
- Table of contents v
- Preface vii
- Introduction ix
- Three perspectives on grammaticalization 1
- Have to, gotta, must ? 33
- The semantic path from modality to aspect 57
- The passival and the progressive passive 79
- Corpus linguistics and grammaticalisation theory 121
- Grammaticalisation from side to side 151
- Are low-frequency complex prepositions grammaticalized? 171
- Life after degrammaticalisation 211
- Subject clitics in English 227
- Name index 257
- Subject index 261
