Archaeological inspiration and historical inference
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Ronald P. Schaefer
Abstract
This paper highlights potential historical inferences one can draw about economic lifestyle from lexical patterns of the Edoid speaking Emai people. The selected inferences derive from the complementary use of morphology in the coding of basic categories of Emai foodstuffs. While plant and animal domains each utilize endocentric and exocentric compounds as well as derivational morphology, inflectional morphology is not uniformly engaged across semantic domains. In particular, noun class prefix pairs, reflecting a reduced gender system, obligatorily encode grammatical number on basic level terms only in the animal domain. Given that the Emai inhabit the forest zone fringe and practice agriculture in a geographic area inhospitable to herd animals of the type recognized by inflectional marking, this coding asymmetry is suggestive of an earlier pastoral lifestyle. Accordingly, any proposal for an Emai and, by extension, an Edoid homeland at the rainforest edge, as proposed in Elugbe (1979), would be too restrictive. It is therefore argued that Edoid wide lexical investigations, particularly of lexemes coding animals and plants, ought to pursue the possibility of a more northerly homeland, one that might extend north of the Niger- Benue confluence. Results have the potential to enhance understanding of not only historical evolution within the Edoid group but also population interaction across the Sahelo-Sudanic landscape.
Abstract
This paper highlights potential historical inferences one can draw about economic lifestyle from lexical patterns of the Edoid speaking Emai people. The selected inferences derive from the complementary use of morphology in the coding of basic categories of Emai foodstuffs. While plant and animal domains each utilize endocentric and exocentric compounds as well as derivational morphology, inflectional morphology is not uniformly engaged across semantic domains. In particular, noun class prefix pairs, reflecting a reduced gender system, obligatorily encode grammatical number on basic level terms only in the animal domain. Given that the Emai inhabit the forest zone fringe and practice agriculture in a geographic area inhospitable to herd animals of the type recognized by inflectional marking, this coding asymmetry is suggestive of an earlier pastoral lifestyle. Accordingly, any proposal for an Emai and, by extension, an Edoid homeland at the rainforest edge, as proposed in Elugbe (1979), would be too restrictive. It is therefore argued that Edoid wide lexical investigations, particularly of lexemes coding animals and plants, ought to pursue the possibility of a more northerly homeland, one that might extend north of the Niger- Benue confluence. Results have the potential to enhance understanding of not only historical evolution within the Edoid group but also population interaction across the Sahelo-Sudanic landscape.
Chapters in this book
- Prelim pages i
- Table of contents v
- Introduction 1
-
Language endangerment and documentation
- Unintended consequences of methodological and practical responses to language endangerment in Africa 1
- Different cultures, different attitudes 37
- Ideologies and typologies of language endangerment in Africa 59
- The role of colonial languages in language endangerment in Africa 107
- Can a language endanger itself? 131
- “Is this my language?” 153
- Development, language revitalization, and culture 177
- Some challenges of language documentation in African multilingual settings 195
-
How to document particular domains or use documentary data to address specific issues
- Folk definitions in linguistic fieldwork 215
- Out of context 239
- Archaeological inspiration and historical inference 253
- Describing endangered languages 277
- Index 313
- Language index 317
Chapters in this book
- Prelim pages i
- Table of contents v
- Introduction 1
-
Language endangerment and documentation
- Unintended consequences of methodological and practical responses to language endangerment in Africa 1
- Different cultures, different attitudes 37
- Ideologies and typologies of language endangerment in Africa 59
- The role of colonial languages in language endangerment in Africa 107
- Can a language endanger itself? 131
- “Is this my language?” 153
- Development, language revitalization, and culture 177
- Some challenges of language documentation in African multilingual settings 195
-
How to document particular domains or use documentary data to address specific issues
- Folk definitions in linguistic fieldwork 215
- Out of context 239
- Archaeological inspiration and historical inference 253
- Describing endangered languages 277
- Index 313
- Language index 317
