Chapters in this book

1. Prelim pages i
2. Table of contents v
3. Preface ix
4. Introduction xi
5. Acknowledgments xv
6. Chronology xvii
7. 1. Perceptions of translating/interpreting in first-century China 1
8. 2. Bridging language barriers in encounters with China in sixth-century Asia 21
9. 3. Türkish diplomatic correspondence to Sui China (581–618) 43
10. 4. Translation officials in Tang China (618–907) 59
11. 5. Interpreters and archival records of foreign contacts of imperial China 77
12. 6. Interpreters and the writing of histories about interlingual encounters 91
13. 7. Interpreters as consultants in historiography in eighth-century China 103
14. 8. Interpreters and the making of the Kirghiz Memoir and Kirghiz accounts 117
15. 9. Oral translators in outbound diplomatic correspondence 135
16. 10. Sogdian interpreters in Tang China 149
17. Conclusion 159
18. Appendix. The thirteen letters and the two exceptions 165
19. Bibliographies 167
20. Index 177