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Considerations for kelp aquaculture on South Africa’s west coast: geospatial analysis and research implications

  • Melanie Lück-Vogel is an interdisciplinary senior researcher at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research in Stellenbosch, South Africa. She is also an Extra-ordinary Senior lecturer at Stellenbosch University’s Department of Geography & Environmental Studies. Integrating geoinformatics (GIS) and remote sensing with other disciplines such as coastal engineering, ecology and town planning, the focus of her work is on the development of decision support tools for sustainable coastal resource use, integrated coastal management and coastal climate vulnerability.

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    Prof. John J. Bolton is Emeritus Professor of Biological Sciences and Senior Research Scholar at the University of Cape Town, South Africa. He is a marine plant biologist and research interests cover the biodiversity, biogeography and phylogeography, systematics, the ecology, resource management and aquaculture of seaweeds, and the integrated aquaculture of seaweeds and marine animals. He has worked widely in Southern Africa and the Western Indian Ocean, has over 170 peer-reviewed journal publications and has supervised 22 graduated PhD students.

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    Andrea Bernatzeder is Director of Aquaculture Innovation and Technology at the DFFE, she oversees sustainable aquaculture research in South Africa, which includes various international and local collaborations. Her work includes strategic involvement in the multi-disciplinary project looking at testing the farming potential of kelp. She has a Masters in Ichthyology and Fisheries Science from Rhodes University and over 10 years wide ranging experience in aquaculture sector including policy development, environmental programs, market development, certification, and impact assessment.

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    Dr. Brett M. Macey is a Specialist Scientist in the Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (DFFE), South Africa. He has a PhD in Molecular and Cell Biology from the University of Cape Town in the fields of aquaculture and marine biotechnology. His current research focuses on the microbiome of aquatic organisms and farming systems, probiotics and immuno-stimulants, development of novel molecular diagnostics, development of functional feeds and culture technologies for enhancing the health and sustainability of aquaculture systems.

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    Dr. Bernadette Brown-Webb is an Associate Partner at Bio Solutiones Technicas, an international company providing integrated business and engineering solutions in the biological industries. She has a PhD in Sustainable Agriculture from the University of the Free State (South Africa). She is passionate about using science and technology solutions to develop small businesses in the bio industries, with more than 20 years’ experience in this domain. Her research interests include seaweed aquaculture, sustainable agriculture and the circular economy.

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Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 27. August 2024
Botanica Marina
Aus der Zeitschrift Botanica Marina Band 67 Heft 5

Abstract

The commercial use of kelp continues to gain interest worldwide. While in some East Asian countries kelp farming has a long history, the kelp industry in South Africa is based on harvesting of kelp from natural kelp forests or by beach-cast collection. This study examined the potential for kelp aquaculture on South Africa’s west coast, focusing on the three indigenous species of kelp, Ecklonia maxima, Laminaria pallida and Macrocystis pyrifera. Geospatial analysis was used to identify and assess nine potentially suitable areas for kelp farming, based on natural habitat conditions, and examination of potential conflicts with other users and enabling land-use factors. An assessment of the market, technical and financial aspects of a kelp farming opportunity indicated that a 4 ha kelp farm, with longlines producing 750 to 1,000 t of fresh kelp per annum, could be viable as an integrated aquaculture activity adjacent to an existing mussel or oyster farm. We recommend a detailed feasibility study for kelp aquaculture in South Africa, with market and technical research, and financial modelling. Current seaweed industry legislation is mostly concerned with the wild resource, and there is a need for specific policies relating to seaweed aquaculture to facilitate growth of the industry.

Keywords: aquaculture; Ecklonia ; Laminaria ; Macrocystis ; South Africa
Corresponding author: Bernadette Brown-Webb, Bio Solutiones Technicas, 33 First Avenue, Fish Hoek, Cape Town 7975, South Africa, E-mail:

Funding source: UK Government (UK Aid) under the lead of the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office of the Government of the United Kingdom (FCDO)

About the authors

Melanie Lück-Vogel

Melanie Lück-Vogel is an interdisciplinary senior researcher at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research in Stellenbosch, South Africa. She is also an Extra-ordinary Senior lecturer at Stellenbosch University’s Department of Geography & Environmental Studies. Integrating geoinformatics (GIS) and remote sensing with other disciplines such as coastal engineering, ecology and town planning, the focus of her work is on the development of decision support tools for sustainable coastal resource use, integrated coastal management and coastal climate vulnerability.

John J. Bolton

Prof. John J. Bolton is Emeritus Professor of Biological Sciences and Senior Research Scholar at the University of Cape Town, South Africa. He is a marine plant biologist and research interests cover the biodiversity, biogeography and phylogeography, systematics, the ecology, resource management and aquaculture of seaweeds, and the integrated aquaculture of seaweeds and marine animals. He has worked widely in Southern Africa and the Western Indian Ocean, has over 170 peer-reviewed journal publications and has supervised 22 graduated PhD students.

Andrea Bernatzeder

Andrea Bernatzeder is Director of Aquaculture Innovation and Technology at the DFFE, she oversees sustainable aquaculture research in South Africa, which includes various international and local collaborations. Her work includes strategic involvement in the multi-disciplinary project looking at testing the farming potential of kelp. She has a Masters in Ichthyology and Fisheries Science from Rhodes University and over 10 years wide ranging experience in aquaculture sector including policy development, environmental programs, market development, certification, and impact assessment.

Brett M. Macey

Dr. Brett M. Macey is a Specialist Scientist in the Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (DFFE), South Africa. He has a PhD in Molecular and Cell Biology from the University of Cape Town in the fields of aquaculture and marine biotechnology. His current research focuses on the microbiome of aquatic organisms and farming systems, probiotics and immuno-stimulants, development of novel molecular diagnostics, development of functional feeds and culture technologies for enhancing the health and sustainability of aquaculture systems.

Bernadette Brown-Webb

Dr. Bernadette Brown-Webb is an Associate Partner at Bio Solutiones Technicas, an international company providing integrated business and engineering solutions in the biological industries. She has a PhD in Sustainable Agriculture from the University of the Free State (South Africa). She is passionate about using science and technology solutions to develop small businesses in the bio industries, with more than 20 years’ experience in this domain. Her research interests include seaweed aquaculture, sustainable agriculture and the circular economy.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank UK Aid for funding this project and the Bivalve Shellfish Farmers’ Association of South Africa (BSASA) for leading the project, and for allowing us to make our findings widely available. The authors would also like to thank all the other members of the project implementation team for Phase 1 of the South African Kelp Farming Project for their contributions to the project, including D. Du Toit, I. Meyer, N. Mtombeni, H. Ohlson, L. Snyman-Van der Walt and B. Stander. The implementation team represented government, industry and academic organisations including the Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (DFFE), Viking Aquaculture, and the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). The reviewers are thanked for their comments and critique of the initial versions of this manuscript. We thank Ms W. Long for editing the manuscript.

  1. Research ethics: All procedures followed in the execution of this study were in accordance with the national laws of South Africa.

  2. Author contributions: All the authors have made a significant contribution to the conceptual design of the work, the execution of the study, data analysis and interpretation, preparation of the report, and the writing and reviewing of the manuscript. All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  3. Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Research funding: The kelp cultivation pre-feasibility study was conducted with funding from the UK government (UK Aid) under the lead of the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office of the Government of the United Kingdom (FCDO).

  5. Data availability: Not applicable.

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Received: 2023-07-31
Accepted: 2024-07-19
Published Online: 2024-08-27
Published in Print: 2024-10-28

© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. In this issue
  3. Editorial
  4. Kelp ecology, applications and potential for aquaculture in Southern Africa
  5. Kelp Forest Review and Management
  6. The African seaforest: a review
  7. Embracing diversity: enhancing the management of South Africa’s kelp forests in an era of change
  8. Modelling in Kelp Ecology
  9. Numerical experiments investigating the influence of drag on trajectory patterns of floating macroalgae
  10. Individual-based numerical experiment to describe the distribution of floating kelp within the Southern Benguela Upwelling System
  11. Kelp Products and Their Uses
  12. Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of alginate: a review
  13. Extraction and characterisation of sodium alginate from the Southern African seaweed Ecklonia maxima
  14. Potential for Kelp Aquaculture
  15. The potential for kelp (order Laminariales) aquaculture in South Africa: a biological review
  16. Considerations for kelp aquaculture on South Africa’s west coast: geospatial analysis and research implications
https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0057
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
aquaculture; Ecklonia; Laminaria; Macrocystis; South Africa

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. In this issue
  3. Editorial
  4. Kelp ecology, applications and potential for aquaculture in Southern Africa
  5. Kelp Forest Review and Management
  6. The African seaforest: a review
  7. Embracing diversity: enhancing the management of South Africa’s kelp forests in an era of change
  8. Modelling in Kelp Ecology
  9. Numerical experiments investigating the influence of drag on trajectory patterns of floating macroalgae
  10. Individual-based numerical experiment to describe the distribution of floating kelp within the Southern Benguela Upwelling System
  11. Kelp Products and Their Uses
  12. Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of alginate: a review
  13. Extraction and characterisation of sodium alginate from the Southern African seaweed Ecklonia maxima
  14. Potential for Kelp Aquaculture
  15. The potential for kelp (order Laminariales) aquaculture in South Africa: a biological review
  16. Considerations for kelp aquaculture on South Africa’s west coast: geospatial analysis and research implications
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