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The potential for kelp (order Laminariales) aquaculture in South Africa: a biological review

  • John J. Bolton

    Prof. John J. Bolton is Emeritus Professor of Biological Sciences and Senior Research Scholar at the University of Cape Town, South Africa. He is a marine plant biologist and research interests cover the biodiversity, biogeography and phylogeography, systematics, ecology and resource management of seaweeds, as well as the aquaculture of seaweeds and the integrated aquaculture of seaweeds and marine animals. He has worked widely in Southern Africa and the Western Indian Ocean, has over 170 peer-reviewed journal publications and has supervised 24 graduated PhD students.

     ORCID logo EMAIL logo     and Mark D. Rothman

    Dr. Mark D. Rothman is a Specialist Scientist at The Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (DFFE), South Africa and a Research Associate at the University of Cape Town, South Africa. His research interests include seaweed aquaculture, seaweed biology, biogeography and ecology. Since he took up the position as head of the Benthics and New Fisheries Research Unit, he has also ventured into research on various marine fauna (white mussels, octopus, abalone and red-eye).
Published/Copyright: August 27, 2024
Botanica Marina
From the journal Botanica Marina Volume 67 Issue 5

Abstract

The Benguela upwelling region on the west coast of South Africa/Namibia has the only major kelp forests on the African continent. South Africa has four species of laminarian kelps; Ecklonia maxima, Laminaria pallida dominate kelp forests in the west coast Benguela upwelling system, with Macrocystis pyrifera occurring rarely in this region and Ecklonia radiata largely confined to the more nutrient-poor south and east coasts. Growth studies on these species have been limited to laboratory experiments and very few initial, small-scale coastal studies. As in other Atlantic regions, there is growing interest in the potential for kelp aquaculture in Southern Africa, and recent pilot initiatives. A comprehensive summary of available literature on South African kelps, their biology and ecology, distribution and growth parameters, is presented, and the potential for kelp aquaculture discussed in relation to recent developments elsewhere on Atlantic and Eastern Pacific coastlines. Recommendations are made with respect to the choice of potential species and sites.

Keywords: Benguela; cultivation; Ecklonia ; L aminaria ; Macrocystis ; mariculture
Corresponding author: John J. Bolton, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, E-mail:

About the authors

John J. Bolton

Prof. John J. Bolton is Emeritus Professor of Biological Sciences and Senior Research Scholar at the University of Cape Town, South Africa. He is a marine plant biologist and research interests cover the biodiversity, biogeography and phylogeography, systematics, ecology and resource management of seaweeds, as well as the aquaculture of seaweeds and the integrated aquaculture of seaweeds and marine animals. He has worked widely in Southern Africa and the Western Indian Ocean, has over 170 peer-reviewed journal publications and has supervised 24 graduated PhD students.

Mark D. Rothman

Dr. Mark D. Rothman is a Specialist Scientist at The Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (DFFE), South Africa and a Research Associate at the University of Cape Town, South Africa. His research interests include seaweed aquaculture, seaweed biology, biogeography and ecology. Since he took up the position as head of the Benthics and New Fisheries Research Unit, he has also ventured into research on various marine fauna (white mussels, octopus, abalone and red-eye).

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Robert J. Anderson, for his enormous contribution, over many years, to our knowledge of South African kelps. Thanks to Sam Bolton for the picture on the Graphical Abstract.

  1. Research ethics: As a review of seaweed biology, there are no ethical issues with this publication.

  2. Author contributions: JJB conceptualized the topic and was responsible for most of the initial writing. MDR provided information, discussion, support, and reviewing.

  3. Competing interests: None.

  4. Research funding: The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance of the UKAid funded project ‘Pre-feasibility study on the potential for commercial cultivation of African kelp on the South African west coast’, and also the members of that project for support. JJB received funding from the University of Cape Town and MDR from the Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment.

  5. Data availability: Not applicable.

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Received: 2023-07-31
Accepted: 2024-08-09
Published Online: 2024-08-27
Published in Print: 2024-10-28

© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. In this issue
  3. Editorial
  4. Kelp ecology, applications and potential for aquaculture in Southern Africa
  5. Kelp Forest Review and Management
  6. The African seaforest: a review
  7. Embracing diversity: enhancing the management of South Africa’s kelp forests in an era of change
  8. Modelling in Kelp Ecology
  9. Numerical experiments investigating the influence of drag on trajectory patterns of floating macroalgae
  10. Individual-based numerical experiment to describe the distribution of floating kelp within the Southern Benguela Upwelling System
  11. Kelp Products and Their Uses
  12. Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of alginate: a review
  13. Extraction and characterisation of sodium alginate from the Southern African seaweed Ecklonia maxima
  14. Potential for Kelp Aquaculture
  15. The potential for kelp (order Laminariales) aquaculture in South Africa: a biological review
  16. Considerations for kelp aquaculture on South Africa’s west coast: geospatial analysis and research implications
https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0055
Keywords for this article
Benguela; cultivation; Ecklonia; L aminaria; Macrocystis; mariculture

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. In this issue
  3. Editorial
  4. Kelp ecology, applications and potential for aquaculture in Southern Africa
  5. Kelp Forest Review and Management
  6. The African seaforest: a review
  7. Embracing diversity: enhancing the management of South Africa’s kelp forests in an era of change
  8. Modelling in Kelp Ecology
  9. Numerical experiments investigating the influence of drag on trajectory patterns of floating macroalgae
  10. Individual-based numerical experiment to describe the distribution of floating kelp within the Southern Benguela Upwelling System
  11. Kelp Products and Their Uses
  12. Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of alginate: a review
  13. Extraction and characterisation of sodium alginate from the Southern African seaweed Ecklonia maxima
  14. Potential for Kelp Aquaculture
  15. The potential for kelp (order Laminariales) aquaculture in South Africa: a biological review
  16. Considerations for kelp aquaculture on South Africa’s west coast: geospatial analysis and research implications
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