Two Historical poverty and the roots of decline
-
Ruth Lupton
Abstract
This chapter explores the trajectories of poverty in more detail, highlighting the areas of primary deprivation. The decline had started in the 1960s due to the increase of crime and antisocial behaviour, decline in the sense of community, and the loss of shops and services. Underlying these changes were three consistent themes: economic restructuring, resulting in every case in enormous job losses; widening inequality (driven in large part by economic changes); and changes in the size and composition of the population. It is shown that these changes led in an increase in the rate of poverty. Council-housing areas were developing the most entrenched poverty concentrations. By the beginning of the 1990s, poverty concentrations were acute and inequality was wide.
Abstract
This chapter explores the trajectories of poverty in more detail, highlighting the areas of primary deprivation. The decline had started in the 1960s due to the increase of crime and antisocial behaviour, decline in the sense of community, and the loss of shops and services. Underlying these changes were three consistent themes: economic restructuring, resulting in every case in enormous job losses; widening inequality (driven in large part by economic changes); and changes in the size and composition of the population. It is shown that these changes led in an increase in the rate of poverty. Council-housing areas were developing the most entrenched poverty concentrations. By the beginning of the 1990s, poverty concentrations were acute and inequality was wide.
Chapters in this book
- Front Matter i
- Contents v
- List of tables, figures and boxes viii
- Acknowledgements x
- List of acronyms xii
- Introduction 1
- The 12 disadvantaged areas 15
- Historical poverty and the roots of decline 39
- The 1990s: decline and divergence 67
- Management failure 99
- Social interaction and neighbourhood stigma 111
- Attempts at regeneration 123
- New Labour and neighbourhood renewal 141
- Making a difference? 155
- Getting it together: new money and better partnerships 161
- Drivers of change: population, housing and the economy 175
- New solutions? 191
- The end of Poverty Street? 205
- Bibliography 221
- Index 235
Chapters in this book
- Front Matter i
- Contents v
- List of tables, figures and boxes viii
- Acknowledgements x
- List of acronyms xii
- Introduction 1
- The 12 disadvantaged areas 15
- Historical poverty and the roots of decline 39
- The 1990s: decline and divergence 67
- Management failure 99
- Social interaction and neighbourhood stigma 111
- Attempts at regeneration 123
- New Labour and neighbourhood renewal 141
- Making a difference? 155
- Getting it together: new money and better partnerships 161
- Drivers of change: population, housing and the economy 175
- New solutions? 191
- The end of Poverty Street? 205
- Bibliography 221
- Index 235
