Home Experimental measurement and thermodynamic model predictions of the distributions of Cu, As, Sb and Sn between liquid lead and PbO–FeO–Fe2O3–SiO2 slag
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Experimental measurement and thermodynamic model predictions of the distributions of Cu, As, Sb and Sn between liquid lead and PbO–FeO–Fe2O3–SiO2 slag

  • Denis Shishin , Taufiq Hidayat , Ummul Sultana , Maksym Shevchenko and Evgueni Jak
Published/Copyright: September 7, 2020
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill
Author Information
International Journal of Materials Research
From the journal International Journal of Materials Research Volume 111 Issue 9

Abstract

Due to the increasing complexity of materials processed in primary and secondary lead smelting, better control of impurity elements is required. In the present study, distributions of Cu, As, Sb and Sn between PbO–FeO–Fe2O3–SiO2 slag and Pb metal are characterized experimentally and analyzed using thermodynamic calculations. Experimental methodology involved closed-system equilibration of sample mixtures at high temperature followed by rapid quenching. The compositions of phases were measured using electron probe X-ray microanalysis and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Thermodynamic calculations were performed using the FactSage software coupled with an internal thermodynamic database. Experimentally obtained distribution coefficients wt.% in slag/wt.% in metal at 1 200 °C (1 473 K) follow the sequence Sn >> Cu > As ≈ Sb at P(O2) < 10−9.5 atm and Sn >> As ≈ Sb > Cu at P(O2) > 10−8.5 atm. Model predictions are in good agreement with the experiment.

Keywords: Lead recycling; Lead smelting; Arsenic distribution; Antimony distribution; FactSage; Minor elements
∗ Correspondence address, Denis Shishin, Pyrometallurgy Innovation Center, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia, Tel.: +61 7 3443 2714, , ORCIDs: Denis Shishin 0000-0003-2734-1078, Taufiq Hidayat 0000-0002-1326-2427, Ummul Khair Sultana 0000-0002-9535-384X, Maksym Shevchenko 0000-0002-9420-9336, Evgueni Jak 0000-0002-7768-1874

References

[1] R.J. Sinclair : The Extractive Metallurgy of Lead, AusIMM (2009).Search in Google Scholar

[2] A. Siegmund , in: F.Kongoli, K.Itagaki, C.Yamaguchi, H.Y.Sohn (Eds.), Metallurgical and Materials Processing, Vol 2, TMS (2003) 43.Search in Google Scholar

[3] S. Yan , D.R.Swinbourne: Trans. Inst. Min. Metall., Sect. C.112 (2003) C75. 10.1179/037195503225002763Search in Google Scholar

[4] D.R. Swinbourne , S.Yan, A.Yazawa, in: F.Kongoli, K.Itagaki, C.Yamaguchi, H.Y.Sohn (Eds.), Metallurgical and Materials Processing, Vol 2, TMS (2003) 1111.Search in Google Scholar

[5] E.A. Johnson , L.L.Oden, J.N.Koch: Report of Investigations 8753, U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Albany (1983).Search in Google Scholar

[6] G.B. Hoang , D.R.Swinbourne: Trans. Inst. Min. Metall., Sect. C.116 (2007) 133. 10.1179/174328507x163850Search in Google Scholar

[7] D. Shishin , T.Hidayat, U.Sultana, M.Shevchenko, E.Jak: J. Sustain. Metall.6 (2019) 68. 10.1007/s40831-019-00257-3Search in Google Scholar

[8] M. Perez , A.Romero, A.Hernandez, I.Almaguer, R.Benavides: Revista de Metalurgia48 (2012) 213. 10.3989/revmetalm.1150Search in Google Scholar

[9] J. Chaidez-Felix , A.Romero-Serrano, A.Hernandez-Ramirez, M.Peraz-Labra, I.Almaguer-Guzman, R.Benavides-Perez, M.Flores-Favela: Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China.24 (2014) 1202. 10.1016/s1003-6326(14)63180-0Search in Google Scholar

[10] G.T. Fisher, II, K.O.Bennington: Report of Investigations 9369, U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Albany (1991).Search in Google Scholar

[11] T. Rytkonen , A.Taskinen: Scand. J. Metall.15 (1986) 25.Search in Google Scholar

[12] T.K. Rytkonen , A.I.Klarin: Scand. J. Metall.16 (1987) 210. 10.3109/01050398709074942Search in Google Scholar

[13] A.G. Matyas , in: Z.A.Foroulis, W.W.Smeltzer (Eds.), Metal–Slag–Gas reactions and processes, The Electrochemical Society Inc., Princeton, (1975) 999.Search in Google Scholar

[14] A.E. Shiel , D.Weis, K.J.Orians: Science of the Total Environment48 (2010) 2357. PMid:20206962; 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.02.016Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[15] N. Moon , M.Hino, Y.Lee, K.Itagaki: Metallurgical Review for MMIJ.15 (1998) 38. 10.2473/shigentosozai.114.121Search in Google Scholar

[16] E. Jak , M.Shevchenko, D.Shishin, T.Hidayat, P.C.Hayes, in: A.Siegmund, S.Alam, J.Grogan, U.Kerney, E.Shibata (Eds.) PbZn 2020: 9th International Symposium on Lead and Zinc Processing. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham (2020) 337. 10.1007/978-3-030-37070-1_30Search in Google Scholar

[17] D. Shishin , M.Shevchenko, V.Prostakova, P.C.Hayes, E.Jak, in: MOLTEN 2020, 11th Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts (accepted for publication 2020).Search in Google Scholar

[18] E. Jak , P.C.Hayes, H.-G.Lee: Korean Journal of Minerals and Materials Institute (Seoul).1 (1995) 1. 10.1007/BF03055319Search in Google Scholar

[19] E. Jak in: 9th Intl. Conf. on Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts (MOLTEN12), The Chinese Society for Metals (2012).Search in Google Scholar

[20] M. Shevchenko , E.Jak: Metall. Mater. Trans. B49 (2018) 159. 10.1007/s11663-017-1136-0Search in Google Scholar

[21] C.W. Bale , E.Belisle, P.Chartrand, S.A.Decterov, G.Eriksson, A.E.Gheribi, K.Hack, I.H.Jung, Y.B.Kang, J.Melancon, A.D.Pelton, S.Petersen, C.Robelin, J.Sangster, P.Spencer, M.A.Van Ende: CALPHAD.54 (2016) 35. 10.1016/j.calphad.2016.05.002Search in Google Scholar

[22] A. Fallah-Mehrjardi , T.Hidayat, P.C.Hayes, E.Jak: Metall. Mater. Trans. B48 (2017). 10.1007/s11663-017-1073-ySearch in Google Scholar

[23] J. Chen , C.M.Allen, T.Azekenov, L.A.Ushkov, P.Hayes, E.Jak, in: Copper 2016, Kobe, Japan, (2016). 10.1145/2854065.2854075Search in Google Scholar

[24] L. Klemettinen , K.Avarmaa, H.O'Brien, P.Taskinen: Minerals.9 (2019) 1. 10.3390/min9010039Search in Google Scholar

[25] D. Shishin , P.C.Hayes, E.Jak, in: Davis, B., Moats, M., Wang, S., Gregurek, D., Kapusta, J., Battle, Th.P., Schlesinger, M., Alvear Flores, G.R., Jak, E., Goodall, G., Free, M.L., Asselin, E., Chagnes, A., Dreisinger, D., Jeffrey, M., Lee, J., Miller, G., Petersen, J., Ciminelli, V., Xu, Q., Molnar, R., Adams, J., Liu, W., Verbaan, N., Goode, J., London, I., Azimi, G., Forstner, A., Kappes, R., Bhambhani, T. (Eds.), Extraction 2018, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham (2018) 853. 10.1007/978-3-319-95022-8_68Search in Google Scholar

[26] A.D. Pelton , S.A.Decterov, G.Eriksson, C.Robelin, Y.Dessureault: Metall. Mater. Trans. B.31 (2000) 651. 10.1007/s11663-000-0103-2Search in Google Scholar

[27] A.D. Pelton , P.Chartrand: Metall. Mater. Trans. A32 (2001) 1355. 10.1007/s11661-001-0226-3Search in Google Scholar

[28] M. Hillert : J. Alloys Compd.320 (2001) 161. 10.1016/S0925-8388(00)01481-XSearch in Google Scholar

[29] T. Hidayat , D.Shishin, E.Jak, S.Decterov: CALPHAD48 (2015) 131. 10.1016/j.calphad.2014.12.005Search in Google Scholar

[30] G. Eriksson , A.D.Pelton: Metall. Trans.24 (1993) 807. 10.1007/BF02663141Search in Google Scholar

[31] D. Shishin , J.Chen, T.Hidayat, E.Jak: J. Phase Equilib. Diff.40 (2019) 758. 10.1007/s11669-019-00764-6Search in Google Scholar

[32] F.H. Hayes , H.L.Lukas, G.Effenberg, G.Petzow: Z. Metallkd.77 (1986) 749.Search in Google Scholar

[33] H. Ohtani , K.Okuda, K.Ishida: J. Phase Equilib.16 (1995) 416. 10.1007/BF02645349Search in Google Scholar

[34] G. Ghosh : Metall. Mater. Trans. A30 (1999) 1481. 10.1007/s11661-999-0085-xSearch in Google Scholar

[35] D. Shishin , E.Jak: CALPHAD60 (2018) 134. 10.1016/j.calphad.2017.12.005Search in Google Scholar

[36] X.J. Liu , C.P.Wang, I.Ohnuma, R.Kainuma, K.Ishida: J. Phase Equilib.21 (2000) 432. 10.1361/105497100770339608Search in Google Scholar

[37] W. Gierlotka , S.-W.Chen, S.-K.Lin: J. Mater. Res.22 (2007) 3158. 10.1557/jmr.2007.0396Search in Google Scholar

[38] D. Risold , J.-I.Nagata, R.O.Suzuki: J. Phase Equilib.19 (1998) 213. 10.1361/105497198770342238Search in Google Scholar

[39] D. Shishin , S.A.Decterov: CALPHAD38 (2012) 59. 10.1016/j.calphad.2012.04.002Search in Google Scholar

[40] I. Vaajamo , P.Taskinen: Thermochimica Acta.524 (2011) 56. 10.1016/j.tca.2011.06.014Search in Google Scholar

[41] D. Shishin , V.Prostakova, E.Jak, S.Decterov: Metall. Mater. Trans. B47 (2016) 397. 10.1007/s11663-015-0493-9Search in Google Scholar

[42] T. Hidayat , D.Shishin, S.A.Decterov, E.Jak: J. Phase Equilib. Diffus.38 (2017) 477. 10.1007/s11669-017-0535-xSearch in Google Scholar

[43] M. Shevchenko , E.Jak: Calphad.64 (2019) 318. 10.1016/j.calphad.2019.01.011Search in Google Scholar

[44] M. Shevchenko : PhD thesis, Integrated experimental and thermodynamic modelling research on the multicomponent Pb–Cu–Fe–Zn–Ca–Si–O system, The University of Queensland, Australia, (2019). 10.14264/uql.2019.410Search in Google Scholar

[45] M. Shevchenko , E.Jak: Calphad.67 (2019). 10.1016/j.calphad.2019.101670Search in Google Scholar

[46] T. Hidayat , E.Jak: Int. J. Mater. Res.105 (2014) 249. 10.3139/146.111023Search in Google Scholar

[47] U. Kuxmann , K.Kurre: Erzmetall.21 (1968) 199.Search in Google Scholar

[48] D. Shishin , T.Hidayat, J.Chen, P.C.Hayes, E.Jak: J. Chem. Thermodyn.135 (2018) 175. 10.1016/j.jct.2019.02.029Search in Google Scholar

[49] D. Shishin , T.Hidayat, J.Chen, P.C.Hayes, E.Jak: Calphad.65 (2019) 16. 10.1016/j.calphad.2019.01.016Search in Google Scholar

[50] S. Firoozi , R.Harris: Metall. Mater. Trans. B38, (2007) 425. 10.1007/s11663-007-9054-1Search in Google Scholar

[51] S. Firoozi : PhD thesis, Thermodynamics and mechanisms of lead softening, McGill University, Canada, (2005).Search in Google Scholar

[52] Y. Takeda , S.Ishiwata, A.Yazawa: Trans. Jpn. Inst. Met.24 (1983) 518. 10.2320/matertrans1960.24.518Search in Google Scholar

[53] T. Hidayat , D.Shishin, S.Decterov, E.Jak: CALPHAD.58 (2017) 101. 10.1016/j.calphad.2017.06.003Search in Google Scholar

[54] I. Barin : Thermochemical Data of Pure Substances, Third Edition, Wiley-VCH, Germany (1995). 10.1002/9783527619825Search in Google Scholar

[55] M. Kopyto , W.Przybylo, B.Onderka, K.Fitzner: Arch. Metall. Mater.54 (2009) 811.Search in Google Scholar

[56] T. Yin : PhD thesis, Coupled thermodynamic modeling and experimental study of SnO2–SnO–CaO–SiO2 system, McGill University, Canada (2017).Search in Google Scholar

[57] M. Shevchenko , E.Jak: J. Phase Equilib. Diff.40 (2019) 319. 10.1007/s11669-019-00727-xSearch in Google Scholar

[58] M.J. Hollitt , G.M.Willis, J.M.Floyd, in: H.A.Fine, D.R.Gaskell (Eds.), 2nd Intl. Symp. on Metallurgical Slags and Fluxes, The Metallurgical Society of AIME, (1984) 497.Search in Google Scholar
Received: 2020-02-16
Accepted: 2020-06-15
Published Online: 2020-09-07
Published in Print: 2020-09-16

© 2020, Carl Hanser Verlag, München

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents
  2. Contents
  3. Editorial
  4. Welcome to Prof. Joachim Bill as a new editor for IJMR
  5. Original Contributions
  6. Fabrication of highly porous merwinite scaffold using the space holder method
  7. Improvement of AISI 4340 steel properties by intermediate quenching – microstructure, mechanical properties, and fractography
  8. Hardness and corrosion properties of functionally graded AA5083/Al2O3 composites produced by powder metallurgy method
  9. Production and properties of functionally graded hybrid composites containing Al3Ti and TiB2
  10. Experimental measurement and thermodynamic model predictions of the distributions of Cu, As, Sb and Sn between liquid lead and PbO–FeO–Fe2O3–SiO2 slag
  11. Effect of Co substitution on the magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effects of Ni–Co–Mn–Sn alloys
  12. Effect of the synthesis parameters on the structural and magnetic properties of strontium hexaferrite synthesized via the Pechini method
  13. Investigation on microstructural and mechanical properties of sub-zero processed AISI 440C steel
  14. Effects of rail flash-butt welding and post-weld heat treatment processes meeting different national standards on residual stresses of welded joints
  15. DGM News
  16. DGM News
https://doi.org/10.3139/146.111942
Keywords for this article
Lead recycling; Lead smelting; Arsenic distribution; Antimony distribution; FactSage; Minor elements

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents
  2. Contents
  3. Editorial
  4. Welcome to Prof. Joachim Bill as a new editor for IJMR
  5. Original Contributions
  6. Fabrication of highly porous merwinite scaffold using the space holder method
  7. Improvement of AISI 4340 steel properties by intermediate quenching – microstructure, mechanical properties, and fractography
  8. Hardness and corrosion properties of functionally graded AA5083/Al2O3 composites produced by powder metallurgy method
  9. Production and properties of functionally graded hybrid composites containing Al3Ti and TiB2
  10. Experimental measurement and thermodynamic model predictions of the distributions of Cu, As, Sb and Sn between liquid lead and PbO–FeO–Fe2O3–SiO2 slag
  11. Effect of Co substitution on the magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effects of Ni–Co–Mn–Sn alloys
  12. Effect of the synthesis parameters on the structural and magnetic properties of strontium hexaferrite synthesized via the Pechini method
  13. Investigation on microstructural and mechanical properties of sub-zero processed AISI 440C steel
  14. Effects of rail flash-butt welding and post-weld heat treatment processes meeting different national standards on residual stresses of welded joints
  15. DGM News
  16. DGM News
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 1.10.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.3139/146.111942/html
Scroll to top button