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Modeling of isothermal bainite formation based on the nucleation kinetics

  • Stefan M. C. van Bohemen and Jilt Sietsma
Published/Copyright: May 23, 2013
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International Journal of Materials Research
From the journal International Journal of Materials Research Volume 99 Issue 7

Abstract

Using a new approach to modeling bainite nucleation, the kinetics of isothermal bainite formation have been calculated under the assumption of displacive growth. The nucleation rate is assumed to depend on the number density of potential nucleation sites Ni, a factor λ accounting for autocatalytic nucleation, and an activation energy Q*. Compatible with the theory for athermal martensite nucleation, Ni is assumed to be proportional to the driving pressure. Analogous to the Koistinen – Marburger model for martensite formation, the average volume of bainitic sub-units is assumed to be constant over the extent of the transformation and the growth of sub-units is very fast, and thus the change in fraction is directly related to the nucleation rate of bainite. The model results in an analytical expression for the fraction bainite as a function of time that contains only two adjustable parameters: a (temperature independent) autocatalytic parameter λ and a rate parameter κ, which has a temperature dependence that is mainly governed by Q*. The calculations are compared with experimental fraction curves measured isothermally with dilatometry for the carbon steels C45, C50 and C60 at a range of temperatures. From the best agreement between the calculations and the experimental data it follows that Q* decreases linearly with temperature, which is consistent with other bainite nucleation models. By austenitizing steel C60 at different temperatures it is found that λ depends on the austenite grain size: when the austenite grain size is increased, λ becomes larger.

Keywords: Bainitic phase transformation; Kinetics; Steels; Heterogeneous nucleation
* Correspondence address, Dr. Stefan M. C. van Bohemen Delft University of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering Mekelweg 2 NL-2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands Tel.: +31 152784984 Fax: +31 152786730 E-mail:

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Received: 2007-5-15
Accepted: 2008-4-21
Published Online: 2013-05-23
Published in Print: 2008-07-01

© 2008, Carl Hanser Verlag, München

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https://doi.org/10.3139/146.101695
Keywords for this article
Bainitic phase transformation; Kinetics; Steels; Heterogeneous nucleation

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents
  2. Contents
  3. Basic
  4. On the reaction scheme and liquidus surface in the ternary system Al–Si–Ti
  5. Experimental study of the phase equilibria of the Ni – Zr system
  6. Tensile behaviour of micro-sized copper wires studied using a novel fibre tensile module
  7. Dislocation densities in soft and hard oriented grains of compression deformed textured NiAl polycrystals
  8. The influence of plastic instabilities on the mechanical properties of a high-manganese austenitic FeMnC steel
  9. Modeling of isothermal bainite formation based on the nucleation kinetics
  10. Application of the Kaptay model in calculation of ternary liquid alloys' viscosities
  11. The influence of the austenite dispersion on phase transformation during the austempering of ductile cast iron having a dual matrix structure
  12. Effect of trace Ti on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AM50 alloy
  13. Applied
  14. Diffusion bonding of the Mo-base alloy TZM with interlayers
  15. Amorphization, nanocrystallization and magnetic properties of mechanically milled Sm–Co magnetic powders
  16. Wear behavior of plasma nitrided AISI 420 stainless steel
  17. Hot extrusion of α and α/β-brass alloys
  18. Role of surface texture and roughness parameters in friction and transfer layer formation under dry and lubricated sliding conditions
  19. The emergence and disappearance of a high density of microcracks in nitrided Fe-4.65 at.% Al alloy
  20. Notifications
  21. DGM News
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