The effect of using heat treated ulexite and cashew in automotive friction materials
-
İlker Sugözü
, İbrahim Mutlu and Ahmet Keskin
Abstract
In this experimental study, the use of heat treated ulexite and cashew as a new material in brake pads was investigated. The change of friction coefficient, the temperature of friction surface and amount of wear were examined to assess the performance of these samples. Additionlly, microstructural characterizations of braking pads were carried out using scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the heat treated samples containing ulexite and cashew have an important effect on friction stability and fade resistance. It can be concluded that heat treated ulexite and cashew can be used as friction materials in the automotive brake pads.
Kurzfassung
In den diesem Beitrag zugrunde liegenden experimentellen Untersuchungen wurde der Einsatz von Ulexit und Cashew als neues Material in Bremsbelägen untersucht. Es wurden die Veränderung des Reibkoeffizienten, die Temperatur der Reiboberfläche sowie der Verschleißbetrag bestimmt, um die Performanz dieser Proben abzuschätzen. Zusätzlich wurden mikrostrukturelle Charakterisierungen der Bremsbeläge mittels Rasterelektronenmikroskopie durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die wärmebehandelten Proben mit Ulexit und Cashew einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die Reibstabilität und den Fadingwiderstand haben. Es kann daraus geschlossen werden, dass wärmebehandelter Ulexit und Cashew als Reibmaterialien für Bremsbeläge im Automobilbau genutzt werden können.
References
1 P.Filip, Z.Weiss, D.Rafaja: On friction layer formation in polymer matrix composite materials for brake applications, Wear252 (2002), No. 3–4, pp. 189–19810.1016/S0043-1648(01)00873-0Search in Google Scholar
2 A.Keskin: Investigation of using natural zeolite in brake pad, Scientific Research and Essays6 (2011), No. 23, pp. 4893–490410.5897/SRE10.1072Search in Google Scholar
3 M.Boz, A.Kurt: Relationship between density and friction coefficient in powder metal bronze brake lining, Proc. of the 2nd International Conference on P/M, Cluj-Napoka, Romania (2000), pp. 181–187Search in Google Scholar
4 A.Kurt, M.Boz: Wear behaviour of organic asbestos based and bronze based powder metal brake linings, Materials and Design26 (2005), No. 8, pp. 717–72110.1016/j.matdes.2004.09.006Search in Google Scholar
5 E. W.Reinsch: Sintered metal brake linings for automotive applications, Delco-Moraine division, General Motors Corp Dayton2 (1970), pp. 9–2110.1007/978-1-4684-3015-8_2Search in Google Scholar
6 M. G.Jacko, S. K.Rhee: Brake linings and clutch facings, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology4 (1992) pp. 523–53610.1002/0471238961.0218011110010311.a01Search in Google Scholar
7 A. E.Anderson: Friction, Lubrication, and Wear Technology, ASM Handbook No. 18, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, USA (1992), pp. 569–577Search in Google Scholar
8 P. J.Blau: Compositions, Functions, and Testing of Friction Brake Materials and Their Additives, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Technical Report ORNL/TM 2001/64, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA (2001)10.2172/788356Search in Google Scholar
9 G.Nicholson: Facts about Friction, Gedoran Publishing, Winchester, VA, USA (1995)Search in Google Scholar
10 I.Sugozu, I.Mutlu: Investigation of the effect of waste tire rubber on friction behaviour in automotive brake linings, J. Theor. Appl. Mech. Sofia39 (2009), No. 3, pp. 101–114Search in Google Scholar
11 I.Mutlu: Investigation of tribological properties of brake pads by using rice straw and rice husk dust, J. Appl. Sci.9 (2009), No. 2, pp. 377–38110.3923/jas.2009.377.381Search in Google Scholar
12 B.Öztürk, S.Öztürk: Effects of resin type and fiber length on the mechanical and tribological properties of brake friction materials, Tribology Letters42 (2011), No. 3, pp. 339–35010.1007/s11249-011-9779-5Search in Google Scholar
13 K. W.Liew, U.Nirmal: Frictional performance evaluation of newly designed brake pad materials, Materials & Design48 (2013), pp. 25–3310.1016/j.matdes.2012.07.055Search in Google Scholar
14 M. A.Maleque, A.Atiqah, R. J.Talib, H.Zahurin: New natural fibre reinforced aluminium composite for automotive brake pad, International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering7 (2012), No. 2, pp. 166–170Search in Google Scholar
15 İ.Sugözü, I.Can, C.Öner: The effect of borax on the friction performance of an automotive brake lining, Materials Testing56 (2014), No. 5, pp. 362–36810.3139/120.110569Search in Google Scholar
16 R. B.Kistler, C.Helvaci: Boron and borates, Industrial Minerals and Rocks (1994) pp. 171–186Search in Google Scholar
17 J.Bijwe, N. M.Nidhi, B. K.Satapathy: Influence of modified phenolic resins on the fade and recovery behavior of friction materials, Wear259 (2005), No. 7–12, pp. 1068–107810.1016/j.wear.2005.01.011Search in Google Scholar
18 A.Ganguly, R.George: Asbestos free friction composition for brake linings, Bulletin of Materials Science31 (2008), No. 1, pp. 19–2210.1007/s12034-008-0004-6Search in Google Scholar
19 http://www.boren.gov.tr (10.09.2013)Search in Google Scholar
20 I.Mutlu: Investigation of Some Ceramic Additive Automotive Brake Pads, PhD Thesis, University of Sakarya, Turkey (2002) (in Turkish)Search in Google Scholar
21 TS 555 (Turkish Standard): Highway vehicles, brake systems, brake pads for frictional brake, Turkey (1992) (in Turkish)Search in Google Scholar
22 BS AU 142 (British Standards Specification): Methods of test for brake lining materials, UK (1968)Search in Google Scholar
23 M.Eriksson, F.Bergman, S.Jacobson: Surface characterization of brake pads after running under silent and squealing conditions, Wear232 (1999), No. 2, pp. 163–16710.1016/S0043-1648(99)00141-6Search in Google Scholar
24 K. W.Hee, P.Filip: Performance of ceramic enhanced phenolic matrix brake lining materials for automotive brake linings, Wear259 (2005), No. 7–12, pp. 1088–109610.1016/j.wear.2005.02.083Search in Google Scholar
25 A.Fischer: Well-founded selection of materials for improved wear resistance, Wear194 (1996), No. 1–2, pp. 238–24510.1016/0043-1648(95)06738-8Search in Google Scholar
26 G.Straffelini: Experimental observations of subsurface damage and oxidation wear in Al-based metal-matrix composites, Wear245 (2000), No. 1–2, pp. 216–22210.1016/S0043-1648(00)00481-6Search in Google Scholar
27 I.Mutlu, I.Sugozu, C.Oner: Investıgation of friction behavior of boric acid and black pine cone dust added brake pads, 5th Int. Adv. Technol. Symp. (IATS’09), Turkey (2009)Search in Google Scholar
28 T. R.Champman, D. E.Niesz, R. T.Fox, T.Fawcett: Wear-resistant aluminum-boron-carbide cermets for automotive brake applications, Wear236 (1999), No. 1–2, pp. 81–8710.1016/S0043-1648(99)00259-8Search in Google Scholar
29 T.Matsushima, H.Masumo, S.Ito, M.Nishiwaki: Fe analysis of low-frequency disc brake squeal (in case of floating type caliper), SAE–982251, (1998)10.4271/982251Search in Google Scholar
30 I.Sugozu: Production of non-asbestos automotive brake lining additional boron and investigation of its braking characteristic, PhD Thesis, University of Fırat, Turkey, (2009) (in Turkish)Search in Google Scholar
© 2015, Carl Hanser Verlag, München
Articles in the same Issue
- Inhalt/Contents
- Inhalt
- Fachbeiträge/Technical Contributions
- Adhesive tensile testing of atmospheric plasma sprayed zinc coating on a 1.4301 substrate
- Fatigue strength of nodular cast iron with regard to heavy-wall applications
- Mechanical and corrosion properties of friction stir welded joints of Al-Cu alloy 2219-T87
- The effect of using heat treated ulexite and cashew in automotive friction materials
- Residual stress relaxation in welded large components
- Variation regulation of the acoustic emission energy parameter during the failure process of granite under uniaxial compression
- Iznik tiles: A new production technology and respective characterization
- Quality during milling of a glass fiber reinforced polymer composite
- Effect of abrasive water jet turning process parameters on surface roughness and material removal rate of AISI 1050 steel
- Influence of cutting parameters on the chip-tool interface temperature during the turning of Waspaloy
- Effects of the thixocasting injection velocity on tensile properties of an A357 Al alloy
- Solid mold investment casting – A replication process for open-cell foam metal production
- Design of an impact testing machine for polymer films by the free falling dart procedure
- Mechanical and electrical properties of Sb-Ga50Au10In40 alloys
- CFD simulation of particulate flow in a spiral concentrator
Articles in the same Issue
- Inhalt/Contents
- Inhalt
- Fachbeiträge/Technical Contributions
- Adhesive tensile testing of atmospheric plasma sprayed zinc coating on a 1.4301 substrate
- Fatigue strength of nodular cast iron with regard to heavy-wall applications
- Mechanical and corrosion properties of friction stir welded joints of Al-Cu alloy 2219-T87
- The effect of using heat treated ulexite and cashew in automotive friction materials
- Residual stress relaxation in welded large components
- Variation regulation of the acoustic emission energy parameter during the failure process of granite under uniaxial compression
- Iznik tiles: A new production technology and respective characterization
- Quality during milling of a glass fiber reinforced polymer composite
- Effect of abrasive water jet turning process parameters on surface roughness and material removal rate of AISI 1050 steel
- Influence of cutting parameters on the chip-tool interface temperature during the turning of Waspaloy
- Effects of the thixocasting injection velocity on tensile properties of an A357 Al alloy
- Solid mold investment casting – A replication process for open-cell foam metal production
- Design of an impact testing machine for polymer films by the free falling dart procedure
- Mechanical and electrical properties of Sb-Ga50Au10In40 alloys
- CFD simulation of particulate flow in a spiral concentrator