Prevalence of autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes mellitus pediatrics in Mazandaran, North of Iran
-
Daniel Zamanfar
,
Mohsen Aarabi
Abstract
Objectives
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease. Its most important immunologic markers are pancreatic beta-cell autoantibodies. This study aimed to determine diabetes mellitus antibodies frequency among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Methods
This descriptive study evaluated the frequency of four diabetes autoantibodies (glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 autoantibodies [GADA], islet cell autoantibodies [ICA], insulin autoantibodies [IAA], tyrosine phosphatase–like insulinoma antigen-2 antibodies [IA-2A]) and their serum level in children and adolescents diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus at the diabetes department of Bou-Ali-Sina Hospital and Baghban Clinic, Sari, Iran, from March 2012 to March 2018. The relationship between the level of different antibodies and age, gender, and diabetes duration were determined. A two-sided p value less than 0.05 indicated statistical significance.
Results
One hundred forty-two eligible patient records were screened. The average age at diabetes diagnosis was 4.2 ± 4.4 years. The median duration of diabetes was 34.0 (12.7–69.7) months. 53.5% of patients were female, and 81.7% of them had at least one positive autoantibody, and ICA in 66.2%, GADA in 56.3%, IA-2A in 40.1%, and IAA in 21.8% were positive. The type of the autoantibodies and their serum level was similar between females and males but there was a higher rate of positive autoantibodies in females. The level of IA-2A and ICA were in positive and weak correlation with age at diagnosis.
Conclusions
More than 80% of pediatric and adolescent patients with type 1 diabetes were autoantibody-positive. ICA and GADA were the most frequently detected autoantibodies. The presence of antibodies was significantly higher in females.
Funding source: Mazandran University of Medical Sciences
Research funding: The source of financial grants and other funding was supported by Research Vice Chancellor of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.
Author contributions: Zamanfar D. conceptualized and designed the study; Aarabi M. designed and analyzed the data; Amini M. collected the data and Zamanfar D. and Monajati M. drafted the initial manuscript. All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.
Ethical approval: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Mazandaran University of Medical Science. Data were collected anonymously. All the principles, outlined in the Helsinki Declaration, were followed during the investigation.
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Analysis of the alpha galactosidase gene: mutation profile and description of two novel mutations with extensive literature review in Turkish population
- Cascade screening and treatment of children with familial hypercholesterolemia in Turkey
- Risk of adrenal insufficiency following intra-articular or periarticular corticosteroid injections among children with chronic arthritis
- Vitamin D status is related to severity at onset of diabetes and worse glycemic control
- Reassessing vitamin D supplementation in preterm infants: a prospective study and review of the literature
- Mutations in PMM2 gene in four unrelated Spanish families with polycystic kidney disease and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia
- Liraglutide pharmacokinetics and exposure-response in pediatric patients with type 2 diabetes
- Identification of nucleotide polymorphism within the NeuroD1 candidate gene and its association with type 1 diabetes susceptibility in Iranian people by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism
- Prevalence of autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes mellitus pediatrics in Mazandaran, North of Iran
- Clinical features of the diabetes eating problem survey–revised Turkish version in children and adolescent with type 1 diabetes
- Ambulatory blood pressure profile in office normotensive obese children: prevalence of masked hypertension and impact of parental hypertension
- Glycogen storage disease type VI can progress to cirrhosis: ten Chinese patients with GSD VI and a literature review
- Short Communication
- Screening for imprinting disorders in 58 patients with clinically diagnosed idiopathic short stature
- Case Reports
- ROHHAD syndrome – A still unrecognized cause of childhood obesity: report of three cases
- Carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency: a very rare case of hyperammonemic encephalopathy
- Idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia: mutations in SLC34A1 and CYP24A1 in two siblings and fathers
- GCK-MODY in a child with cystic fibrosis: the doubt of the treatment plan
