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Assessment of serum free light chain levels in healthy adults immediately after marathon running

  • John P. Campbell EMAIL logo , Thijs M.H. Eijsvogels , Yanyun Wang , Maria T.E. Hopman and Joannes F.M. Jacobs
Published/Copyright: August 22, 2015
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Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)
From the journal Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) Volume 54 Issue 3

Abstract

Background: Immunoglobulin κ and λ free light chains (FLC) are important serum biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring plasma cell dyscrasias (via the κ:λ FLC ratio), and assessing immune competence and activation status (via ∑FLC). FLCs are produced, in excess of heavy chains, from healthy plasma cells during immunoglobulin production, but unlike intact immunoglobulins that are cleared by cellular catabolism over a number of weeks, FLC are rapidly cleared from the bloodstream by the renal glomerulus with a half-life of 3 (κ FLC)–6 (λ FLC) hours. Marathon running has been shown to acutely and transiently decrease renal function, however, the impact of prolonged aerobic exercise on FLC levels remains unknown.

Methods: We measured serum FLC levels in 60 runners before, and immediately after, the 2010 Eindhoven Marathon.

Results: A significant increase (p<0.01) in κ FLC levels was observed after the marathon, and κ FLC correlated positively with serum creatinine levels. No changes were observed for λ FLC, and thus, there were subtle elevations in the ∑FLC and FLC ratio in some participants. Indeed, we found that 13% of participants had an abnormally increased FLC ratio upon completion of the marathon; a phenomenon previously observed in renal diseases.

Conclusions: Abnormal FLC ratios observed after exercise reflected an increase in serum κ FLC levels, which may be due to acute and transient reductions in renal function during exercise, though we also observed an increase in serum IgG and IgA and thus cannot exclude exercise-induced immune stimulation or immunoglobulin redistribution.

Keywords: exercise; free light chains; immunoglobulins; renal function
Corresponding author: John P. Campbell, PhD, Clinical Immunology, School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK, Phone: +44 7530 595912, E-mail:
aJohn P. Campbell and Thijs M.H. Eijsvogels contributed equally to this manuscript/joint first authors.

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Received: 2015-5-7
Accepted: 2015-7-16
Published Online: 2015-8-22
Published in Print: 2016-3-1

©2016 by De Gruyter

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https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2015-0431
Keywords for this article
exercise; free light chains; immunoglobulins; renal function

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorial
  3. The way of prostate cancer diagnostics
  4. Review
  5. Statistical methods used in the calculation of geriatric reference intervals: a systematic review
  6. Opinion Paper
  7. The side effects of translational omics: overtesting, overdiagnosis, overtreatment
  8. Genetics and Molecular Diagnostics
  9. Rapid detection of non-deletional mutations causing α-thalassemia by multicolor melting curve analysis
  10. General Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
  11. Patient pools and the use of “patient means” are valuable tools in quality control illustrated by a bone-specific alkaline phosphatase assay
  12. Long-term stability of glucose: 96-h study using Terumo Glycaemia tubes
  13. Glucose is stable during prolonged storage in un-centrifuged Greiner tubes with liquid citrate buffer, but not in serum and NaF/KOx tubes
  14. Croatian laboratories have a good knowledge of the proper detection and management of hemolyzed, icteric and lipemic samples
  15. Fetal exposure to ethanol: relationship between ethyl glucuronide in maternal hair during pregnancy and ethyl glucuronide in neonatal meconium
  16. Comparing the effect of isotopically labeled or structural analog internal standards on the performance of a LC-MS/MS method to determine ciclosporin A, everolimus, sirolimus and tacrolimus in whole blood
  17. Relationship between matrix metalloproteinase-9 and oxidative stress in drug-free male schizophrenia: a case control study
  18. Comparison of functional fibrinogen (FF/CFF) and FIBTEM in surgical patients – a retrospective study
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  22. Cancer Diagnostics
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  24. Comparative analysis of prostate cancer specific biomarkers PCA3 and ERG in whole urine, urinary sediments and exosomes
  25. Infectious Diseases
  26. Comparative evaluation of the Aptima HIV-1 Quant Dx assay and COBAS TaqMan HIV-1 v2.0 assay using the Roche High Pure System for the quantification of HIV-1 RNA in plasma
  27. Evaluating the use of procalcitonin in an asymptomatic, HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy-naïve, South African cohort
  28. Diabetes
  29. Early prediction of gestational diabetes: a practical model combining clinical and biochemical markers
  30. Letters to the Editors
  31. Highly-trained dogs’ olfactory system for detecting biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy
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