Startseite Evaluating the use of procalcitonin in an asymptomatic, HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy-naïve, South African cohort
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Evaluating the use of procalcitonin in an asymptomatic, HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy-naïve, South African cohort

  • Dineo V. Phatlhane , Hayley Ipp , Rajiv T. Erasmus und Annalise E. Zemlin EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 20. Oktober 2015
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Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)
Aus der Zeitschrift Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) Band 54 Heft 3

Abstract

Background: The chronic stage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, although clinically asymptomatic, is characterized by activation of the immune system and persistent inflammation. Procalcitonin (PCT) has been studied in HIV infection as a marker of bacterial infection. Our aim was to assess the effect of persistent immune activation on PCT levels in asymptomatic treatment naïve HIV infected subjects.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 68 asymptomatic antiretroviral therapy-naive HIV infected participants and 42 uninfected controls. Stored serum samples were used to measure: PCT, interleukin-6 (IL-6), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), immunoglobulin G (IgG) and albumin. PCT was correlated with markers of: disease progression (CD4 count and viral load), immune activation (CD 38 on CD8+ T cells, IgG and LBP), inflammation (IL-6, hsCRP and albumin).

Results: IL-6, IgG and CD8/38 were all significantly increased while albumin and CD4 counts were significantly lower in the HIV infected group. PCT levels were not significantly different between the two groups. There was no significant difference in LBP and hsCRP; however, their levels were increased in both groups. PCT correlated only with LBP (p=0.0001). IL-6 and LBP correlated positively with hsCRP and IgG. Albumin correlated inversely with IL-6 and viral load. Only IgG and CD8/38 correlated inversely with CD4 counts.

Conclusions: We demonstrated the activation of the innate (raised LBP), humoral (raised IgG) and cellular immune systems (increased CD8/38 T cells). Despite a state of persistent inflammation, PCT levels are not elevated in asymptomatic untreated HIV infection.

Keywords: HIV infection; immune activation; inflammation; interleukin-6; lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP); procalcitonin
Corresponding author: Annalise E. Zemlin, MBChB, FCPath (SA) (Chem), MMed (Chem Path), National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, P.O. Box 19113, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa, Phone: +27(21)9384254, Fax: +27(21)9384640, E-mail:

Acknowledgments

We wish to thank the patients and staff of the Emavundleni Prevention Center of the Desmond Tutu HIV Center Crossroads Cape Town for their participation. In addition, we would like to thank Michael McCaul of the Biostatistics Unit at Stellenbosch University for his help with the statistical analysis.

Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

Research funding: This research was supported by the following funding bodies: National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) (Grant/Award Number: 94435). Research Trust, NHLS K-funding, and Harry Crossley Foundation.

Employment or leadership: None declared.

Honorarium: None declared.

Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.

Ethical approval: The study was approved by University of Stellenbosch Ethics Committee (HREC S14/04/078) and performed according to the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants signed informed consent explained to them in their language of choice.

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Received: 2015-6-12
Accepted: 2015-8-4
Published Online: 2015-10-20
Published in Print: 2016-3-1

©2016 by De Gruyter

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https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2015-0549
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
HIV infection; immune activation; inflammation; interleukin-6; lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP); procalcitonin

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorial
  3. The way of prostate cancer diagnostics
  4. Review
  5. Statistical methods used in the calculation of geriatric reference intervals: a systematic review
  6. Opinion Paper
  7. The side effects of translational omics: overtesting, overdiagnosis, overtreatment
  8. Genetics and Molecular Diagnostics
  9. Rapid detection of non-deletional mutations causing α-thalassemia by multicolor melting curve analysis
  10. General Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
  11. Patient pools and the use of “patient means” are valuable tools in quality control illustrated by a bone-specific alkaline phosphatase assay
  12. Long-term stability of glucose: 96-h study using Terumo Glycaemia tubes
  13. Glucose is stable during prolonged storage in un-centrifuged Greiner tubes with liquid citrate buffer, but not in serum and NaF/KOx tubes
  14. Croatian laboratories have a good knowledge of the proper detection and management of hemolyzed, icteric and lipemic samples
  15. Fetal exposure to ethanol: relationship between ethyl glucuronide in maternal hair during pregnancy and ethyl glucuronide in neonatal meconium
  16. Comparing the effect of isotopically labeled or structural analog internal standards on the performance of a LC-MS/MS method to determine ciclosporin A, everolimus, sirolimus and tacrolimus in whole blood
  17. Relationship between matrix metalloproteinase-9 and oxidative stress in drug-free male schizophrenia: a case control study
  18. Comparison of functional fibrinogen (FF/CFF) and FIBTEM in surgical patients – a retrospective study
  19. Reference Values and Biological Variations
  20. Assessment of serum free light chain levels in healthy adults immediately after marathon running
  21. Pharmacokinetics of a novel dosing regimen of oral melatonin in critically ill patients
  22. Cancer Diagnostics
  23. An epidemiology-based model as a tool to monitor the outbreak of inappropriateness in tumor marker requests: a national scale study
  24. Comparative analysis of prostate cancer specific biomarkers PCA3 and ERG in whole urine, urinary sediments and exosomes
  25. Infectious Diseases
  26. Comparative evaluation of the Aptima HIV-1 Quant Dx assay and COBAS TaqMan HIV-1 v2.0 assay using the Roche High Pure System for the quantification of HIV-1 RNA in plasma
  27. Evaluating the use of procalcitonin in an asymptomatic, HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy-naïve, South African cohort
  28. Diabetes
  29. Early prediction of gestational diabetes: a practical model combining clinical and biochemical markers
  30. Letters to the Editors
  31. Highly-trained dogs’ olfactory system for detecting biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy
  32. More on the accuracy of the Architect enzymatic assay for hemoglobin A1c and its traceability to the IFCC reference system
  33. Assessing quality from an accuracy-based HbA1c proficiency survey
  34. HbG-Honolulu interferes with some cation-exchange HPLC HbA1c assays
  35. Between analyser differences in chloride measurements and thus anion gap cause different interpretations of the acid-base balance
  36. Non-albumininuric proteinuria: a urinary tubular marker in the diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease
  37. International Normalized Ratio (INR) testing: analytical and clinical performance of four point-of-care devices versus central laboratory instrumentation analysis
  38. Genetic screening of the makorin ring finger 3 gene in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty
  39. Practical approach for medical validation of therapeutic drug monitoring results
  40. Marked elevation of procalcitonin in a patient with a drug related infusion reaction to rituximab
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