Synthesis and characterization of graphene quantum dots
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Sumana Kundu
Sumana Kundu is currently a post doctoral research fellow since December 2018 in the department of Material Science and Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Israel. Recently, she has received PBC post doctoral fellowship in Technion. She has received her PhD degree in Chemical Science in April, 2018 under the supervision of Prof Vijayamohanan K. Pillai from CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CSIR-CECRI), Tamil Nadu, India. Her PhD work focused on “synthesis and characterizations of graphene based nanomaterials for energy applications”. Her current research interest includes synthesis of metal chalcogenides for magnesium ion batteries, graphene-metal hybrid for electrocatalysis, etc.und Vijayamohanan K. Pillai
Vijayamohanan K Pillai is currently Dean (R&D) Professor & Chair, Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Tirupati. His research work of more than 20 years is primarily focused on batteries, fuel cells, bio-electrochemistry, electrochemical sensors, chemically modified electrodes, application of graphene-based nanomaterials for energy applications, anodization, electro-deposition, electro-organic synthesis, etc. Pillai has more than 220 research papers and 20 patents to his credit. Under his guidance, 20 students have received PhD degrees. He is a recipient of many prestigious awards including Medals of the MRSI and CRSI. He is a Fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences and Affiliate Member of the IUPAC. He is also in the editorial boards of several prestigious journals. Pillai assumed charge as Director, CSIR-CECRI on 24 April 2012 and continued as Director, CSIR-CECRI till 23 October 2018. In addition to CSIR-CECRI, he held the additional charge as Director, CSIR-NCL from 01 June 2015 to 29 February 2016.
Abstract
Conventional inorganic semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have numerous applications ranging from energy harvesting to optoelectronic and bio-sensing devices primarily due to their unique size and shape tunable band-gap and also surface functionalization capability and consequently, have received significant interest in the last few decades. However, the high market cost of these QDs, on the order of thousands of USD/g and toxicity limit their practical utility in many industrial applications. In this context, graphene quantum dot (GQD), a nanocarbon material and a new entrant in the quantum-confined semiconductors could be a promising alternative to the conventional toxic QDs due to its potential tunability in optical and electronic properties and film processing capability for realizing many of the applications. Variation in optical as well as electronic properties as a function of size, shape, doping and functionalization would be discussed with relevant theoretical backgrounds along with available experimental results and limitations. The review deals with various methods available so far towards the synthesis of GQDs along with special emphasis on characterization techniques starting from spectroscopic, optical and microscopic techniques along with their the working principles, and advantages and limitations. Finally, we will comment on the environmental impact and toxicity limitations of these GQDs and their hybrid nanomaterials to facilitate their future prospects.
Graphical Abstract:

Structure of doped, functionalized and hybrid GQDs
About the authors

Sumana Kundu is currently a post doctoral research fellow since December 2018 in the department of Material Science and Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Israel. Recently, she has received PBC post doctoral fellowship in Technion. She has received her PhD degree in Chemical Science in April, 2018 under the supervision of Prof Vijayamohanan K. Pillai from CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CSIR-CECRI), Tamil Nadu, India. Her PhD work focused on “synthesis and characterizations of graphene based nanomaterials for energy applications”. Her current research interest includes synthesis of metal chalcogenides for magnesium ion batteries, graphene-metal hybrid for electrocatalysis, etc.

Vijayamohanan K Pillai is currently Dean (R&D) Professor & Chair, Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Tirupati. His research work of more than 20 years is primarily focused on batteries, fuel cells, bio-electrochemistry, electrochemical sensors, chemically modified electrodes, application of graphene-based nanomaterials for energy applications, anodization, electro-deposition, electro-organic synthesis, etc. Pillai has more than 220 research papers and 20 patents to his credit. Under his guidance, 20 students have received PhD degrees. He is a recipient of many prestigious awards including Medals of the MRSI and CRSI. He is a Fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences and Affiliate Member of the IUPAC. He is also in the editorial boards of several prestigious journals. Pillai assumed charge as Director, CSIR-CECRI on 24 April 2012 and continued as Director, CSIR-CECRI till 23 October 2018. In addition to CSIR-CECRI, he held the additional charge as Director, CSIR-NCL from 01 June 2015 to 29 February 2016.
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- Synergistic visible light photoredox catalysis
- On the minimum reactant concentration required to prepare Au/M core-shell nanoparticles by the one-pot microemulsion route
- Synthesis and characterization of graphene quantum dots
- Visible-light photoredox catalysis with [Ru(bpy)3]2+: General principles and the twentieth-century roots
- X-ray absorption spectroscopy principles and practical use in materials analysis
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Synergistic visible light photoredox catalysis
- On the minimum reactant concentration required to prepare Au/M core-shell nanoparticles by the one-pot microemulsion route
- Synthesis and characterization of graphene quantum dots
- Visible-light photoredox catalysis with [Ru(bpy)3]2+: General principles and the twentieth-century roots
- X-ray absorption spectroscopy principles and practical use in materials analysis