Startseite Reviewing the Indonesian Anticorruption Court: A Cost-Effective Analysis
Artikel
Lizenziert
Nicht lizenziert Erfordert eine Authentifizierung

Reviewing the Indonesian Anticorruption Court: A Cost-Effective Analysis

  • Choky Risda Ramadhan ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 18. Oktober 2021

Abstract

As part of anticorruption reform, the Indonesian Anticorruption Court Law 2009 mandated the establishment of 514 anti-corruption courts in every city. The Indonesian Supreme Court, however, could only establish 34 courts. Three factors that explain this delay: (1) a lack of budget to fund the court; (2) the limited number of people with the integrity and capacity to serve as ad hoc judges; and (3) distrust from citizens regarding the conviction rate and corruption that occurred within the anticorruption court. Some activist and legal scholars proposed either to evaluate or even abolish the anticorruption court. This article contributes in evaluating the newly created court. There are two indicators, cost per case and collection of monetary penalty that could serve as the basis of cost-effectiveness analysis of the Indonesian Anticorruption Court. As a preliminary review, the prosecution of the crime of corruption is cost-effective if the cases had been prosecuted by the Anticorruption Agency (KPK). Alternative policies based on cost-effectiveness are proposed to improve the performance of the anticorruption court without sacrificing resources.


Corresponding author: Choky Risda Ramadhan, Universitas Indonesia Fakultas Hukum, Depok, Indonesia, E-mail:

  1. Research funding: This research has been supported by the fundings from LPDP Doctoral Scholarship Award and Asian University Alliance Scholars Award.

References

Afandi, F, “The Indonesian Prosecution Service at Work: The Justice System Postman,” in M. Crouch (ed.), The Politics of Court Reform: Judicial Change and Legal Culture in Indonesia (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009).10.1017/9781108636131.004Suche in Google Scholar

Alamsyah, W., L. Abid, and A. Sunaryanto, Laporan Tren Penindakan Kasus Korupsi Tahun 2018 (Indonesia Corruption Watch, February 25, 2018), available at: <https://antikorupsi.org/sites/default/files/laporan_tren_penindakan_kasus_korupsi_2018.pdf >.Suche in Google Scholar

Alaska Rural Justice and Law Enforcement Commission. Initial Report and Recommendations of the Alaska Rural Justice and Law Enforcement Commission (Anchorage, 2006).Suche in Google Scholar

Ali, Ketua, MA Kecewa Hasil Seleksi Hakim Ad hoc Tipikor (February 21, 2010), available at: <https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/baca/lt4b80be951d5b7/ketua-ma-kecewa-hasil-seleksi-hakim-ad-hoc-tipikor>.Suche in Google Scholar

Assegaf, R. S., B. Pamungkas, D. Hardiansyah, D. Rositawati, G. P Damayana, H. H. Chalid, S. Waluyo, Pengadilan Khusus Korupsi (Jakarta: LeIP, 2002).Suche in Google Scholar

Becker, G. S, “Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach,” in G. S. Becker and W. M. Landes (eds.), Essays in the Economics of Crime and Punishment (New York: National Bureau of Economic Research and Columbia University Press, 1974).Suche in Google Scholar

Boardman, A. E., D. H. Greenberg, A. R. Vining, and D. L. Weimer, Cost-Benefit Analysis: Concepts and Practice (5th ed., New Jersey: Pearson, 2011).Suche in Google Scholar

Bottoms, A. and A. Von Hirsch, “The Crime-preventive Impact of Penal Sanctions,” in P. Cane and H. M. Kritzer (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Empirical Legal Research (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013).10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199542475.013.0005Suche in Google Scholar

Brata, R. A., Why Did Anticorruption Policy Fail? (Charlotte: Information Age Publishing, 2014).Suche in Google Scholar

Buffardi, A. L., and K. Y. Men, Realising the right to legal identity A case study as part of an evaluation of the Australia Indonesia Partnership for Justice (London: ODI, 2016), available at: <https://cdn.odi.org/media/documents/10716.pdf>.Suche in Google Scholar

Butt, S., Indonesia’s Regional Anti-Corruption Cort: Should They be Abolished?, 2 Indonesia Law Review, no. 2 (2012).10.15742/ilrev.v2n2.15Suche in Google Scholar

Butt, S., Corruption and Law in Indonesia (Milton Park: Routledge, 2014).Suche in Google Scholar

Butt, S., and S. A. Schütte, The Indonesian Court for Corruption Crimes: Circumventing judicial impropriety? (Bergen: The U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre, 2013).Suche in Google Scholar

Butt, S., and S. A Schütte, Assessing judicial performance in Indonesia: the court for corruption crimes, 62 Crime, Law and Social Change, no. 5 (2014).10.1007/s10611-014-9547-1Suche in Google Scholar

Campbell, M. C., Politics, Prisons, and Law Enforcement: An Examination of the Emergence of “Law and Order” Politics in Texas, 45 Law and Society Review, no. 3 (2011).10.1111/j.1540-5893.2011.00446.xSuche in Google Scholar

Carlsmith, K. M., J. M. Darley, and P. H. Robinson, Why Do We Punish? Deterrence and Just Deserts as Motives for Punishment, 83 Journal of Personality and Social, (2002).10.1037/0022-3514.83.2.284Suche in Google Scholar

Courts and Tribunal Judiciary, History of Judiciary, available at: <https://www.judiciary.uk/about-the-judiciary/history-of-the-judiciary/>.Suche in Google Scholar

CRN, KPK Rekrut Jaksa Baru (Hukum Online, June 6, 2007), available at: <https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/baca/hol16865/kpk-rekrut-jaksa-baru/>.Suche in Google Scholar

Damanik, A. S, Evaluasi Kebijakan Pemberantasan Korupsi Pemerintahan SBY-Kalla, available at: <https://www.theindonesianinstitute.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/03-POLICY-ASSESSMENT-Pemberantasan-Korupsi-oleh-Ali-Said-Damanik-Juni-2005.pdf>.Suche in Google Scholar

Effendy, M., Kejaksaan RI: Posisi dan Fungsinya dari Perspektif Hukum (Jakarta: Gramedia, 2005).Suche in Google Scholar

Emong, K., Y. Usfunan, , R. Satriyo, A. I. Sidin, B. Widjojanto, S. Hariningsih, and Z. A Husein, Naskah Akademis dan Rancangan Undang-undang Pengadilan Tindak Pidana Korupsi (Jakarta: Konsorsium Reformasi Hukum Nasional, 2008).Suche in Google Scholar

Garoupa, N. and T. Ginsburg, “Economic Analysis and Comparative Law,” in M. Bussani and U. Mattei, The Cambridge Companion to Comparative Law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012).10.1017/CBO9781139017206.005Suche in Google Scholar

Gathii, J. T., Kenya’s Long Anti-Corruption Agenda: 1952-2010: Prospects and Challenges of the Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission Under the 2010 Constitution, 4 Law and Development Review, no. 3 (2011).10.2202/1943-3867.1120Suche in Google Scholar

Gerber, M. M. and J. Jackson, Retribution as Revenge and Retribution as Just Deserts, 26 Social Justice Resolution, no. 2 (2013).10.1007/s11211-012-0174-7Suche in Google Scholar

Gimeno, I. O. U., “Economics as a Tool in Legislative Evaluation: Cost-Analysis, Cost-Efficacy and Cost-Benefit,” in A. N. Martin and M. M. Morales, Towards a Rational Legislative Evaluation in Criminal Law (Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, 2016).10.1007/978-3-319-32895-9_3Suche in Google Scholar

Henrichson, C. and J. Rinaldi, Cost-Benefit Analysis and Justice Policy Toolkit, (December 2014), available at: <https://www.bja.gov/Publications/Vera-cba-justice-policy-toolkit.pdf>.Suche in Google Scholar

Herdiana, I., Tak Dapat Tunjangan, Panitera Pengadilan Tipikor Malas Bekerja, (November 12, 2011), available at: <https://news.okezone.com/read/2011/11/12/340/528375/tak-dapat-tunjangan-panitera-pengadilan-tipikor-malas-bekerja>.Suche in Google Scholar

Hertanto, H., Evaluasi Pengadilan Tindak Pidana Korupsi di Indonesia (Studi Atas Kebutuhan, Peran dan Kualitas Putusan Hakim di Pengadilan Tindak Pidana Korupsi Jakarta dan Bandung Pasca Pemberlakuan Undang-Undang No. 46 Tahun 2009 tentang Pengadilan Tindak Pidana Korupsi), 44 Journal Hukum and Pembangunan, no. 1 (2014).10.21143/jhp.vol44.no1.13Suche in Google Scholar

Ho, R., L. R. ForsterLee, and N. Crofts, Justice Versus Vengeance: Motives Underlying Punitive Judgements, 33 Personality and Individual Differences, no. 7 (2002).10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00161-1Suche in Google Scholar

Indonesia Anti-Corruption Court Law [2009].Suche in Google Scholar

Indonesia, CNN, KPK Kekurangan Jaksa, Banyak Kasus Mandek ke Pengadilan, available at: <https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20190226221117-12-372907/kpk-kekurangan-jaksa-banyak-kasus-mandek-ke-pengadilan>.Suche in Google Scholar

Indonesia Constitutional Court No. 012-016-019/PUU-IV/2006 (Indonesia Constitutional Court Decision, 2006).Suche in Google Scholar

Indonesia Corruption Eradication Commission, Laporan Tahunan KPK 2005 (KPK Annual Report 2005), available at: <https://www.kpk.go.id/images/pdf/laptah/KPK_LAPTAH_2005.pdf>.Suche in Google Scholar

Indonesia Corruption Eradication Commission, Laporan Tahunan KPK 2016 (KPK Annual Report 2016), available at: <https://www.kpk.go.id/id/publikasi/laporan-tahunan/938-laporan-tahunan-kpk-2016>.Suche in Google Scholar

Indonesia Corruption Watch, Koalisi Meminta MA untuk Bertindak Tegas dan Tidak Ada Kompromi Terhadap Koruptor (May 11, 2012), available at: <https://antikorupsi.org/news/koalisi-meminta-ma-untuk-bertindak-tegas-dan-tidak-ada-kompromi-terhadap-koruptor>.Suche in Google Scholar

Indonesia Corruption Watch, Catatan Pemantauan Perkara Korupsi yang Divonis oleh Pengadilan Selama 2018 Koruptor Belum Dihukum Maksimal Rata-rata putusan tindak Pidana korupsi pada 2018 adalah, 2 tahun 5 bulan (March 27, 2019), available at: <https://antikorupsi.org/sites/default/files/narasi_tren_vonis_2018.pdf>.Suche in Google Scholar

Indonesia Prosecutorial Training Centre, Pidsus Gelar FGD Di Badiklat Dalam Rangka HUT PJI Ke-25 (December 27, 2016), available at: <http://badiklat.kejaksaan.go.id/artikel/detail/410>.Suche in Google Scholar

Indonesia Supreme Court, Laporan Tahunan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Tahun 2011 (Annual Report 2011) (Indonesia Supreme Court, 2011), available at: <https://www.mahkamahagung.go.id/media/203>.Suche in Google Scholar

Indrawan, A, Hukuman Finansial Koruptor Masih Rendah (December 2015), available at: <https://www.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/hukum/15/12/22/nzroh6365-hukuman-finansial-koruptor-masih-rendah>.Suche in Google Scholar

JPNN, Kejagung Keberatan Pengadilan Tipikor hanya di Provinsi (September 4, 2009), available at: <https://www.jpnn.com/news/kejagung-keberatan-pengadilan-tipikor-hanya-di-provinsi>.Suche in Google Scholar

Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, E., Day Fines: Should the Rich Pay More?, Review of Law and Economics, no. 3 (2015).10.1515/rle-2014-0045Suche in Google Scholar

Koalisi Pemantau, Peradilan, Hasil Seleksi Calon Hakim Ad Hoc Tipikor: Tidak Ada Yang Layak! MA Harus Membenahi Sistem Seleksi Calon Hakim Ad Hoc Tipikor (November 13, 2015), available at: <https://www.pshk.or.id/publikasi/siaran-pers/siaran-pers-koalisi-pemantau-peradilan-kpp-tentang-hasil-seleksi-calon-hakim-ad-hoc-tindak-pidana-korupsi/>.Suche in Google Scholar

Koran Tempo, Pengadilan Tipikor Semarang Belum Bisa Bersidang, Koran Tempo (December 23, 2010).Suche in Google Scholar

Kusuma, M., KPK Kekurangan Jaksa, Ini Jawaban Kejagung (February 26, 2019), available at: <https://kbr.id/nasional/02-2019/kpk_kekurangan_jaksa__ini_jawaban_kejagung/98880.html>.Suche in Google Scholar

Lubis, T. M.,“Peradilan Bebas dan Mandiri,” in T. M. Lubis, Mengapa Saya Mencintai Negeri Ini (Jakarta: Kompas, 2007).Suche in Google Scholar

Macmillan, J., Reformation and Public Corruption: Why Indonesia’s Anti-Corruption Agency Strategy Should Be Reformed to Effectively Combat Public Corruption, 25 International Law Review, no. 1 (2011).Suche in Google Scholar

Marciano, A., A. Melcarne, and G. B. Ramello, The Economic Importance of Judicial Institutions, Their Performance and The Proper Way to Measure Them, 15 Journal of Institutional Economics, no. 1 (2019).10.1017/S1744137418000292Suche in Google Scholar

Martin, K. D., B. L. Sykes, S. Shannon, F. Edwards and A. Harris, Monetary Sanctions: Legal Financial Obligations in US Systems of Justice, 1 Annual Review of Criminology, no. 1 (2018).10.1146/annurev-criminol-032317-091915Suche in Google Scholar

Manggiasih, KPK Minta Jaksa untuk Pengadilan Tipikor Daerah, Koran Tempo (December 20, 2010).Suche in Google Scholar

Marsh, K., “Economic Evaluation of Criminal Justice Interventions: A Methodological Review of the Recent Literature,” in J. K. Roman, T. Dunworth, and K. Marsh, Cost-Benefit Analysis and Crime Control (Washington, D.C.: The Urban Institute Press, 2010).Suche in Google Scholar

Mattei, Ugo, Comparative Law and Economics (Michigan: The University of Michigan Press, 1997).10.3998/mpub.11209Suche in Google Scholar

Michaels, R., The Second Wave of Comparative Law and Economics?, 59 University of Toronto Law Journal, no. 2 (2009).10.3138/utlj.59.2.197Suche in Google Scholar

Mohammad, Y., Stabilo merah untuk 49 calon hakim ad hoc Tipikor (October 11, 2016), available at: <https://beritagar.id/artikel/berita/stabilo-merah-untuk-49-calon-hakim-ad-hoc-tipikor>.Suche in Google Scholar

Nasrul, E., and C. Akhmad, MA: Pengadilan Tipikor Sebaiknya Dikurangi (August 23, 2012), available at: <https://www.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/hukum/m97hsa/tradisi-ramadhan>.Suche in Google Scholar

Parisi, F., “The Perspective of Law,” in C. K. Rowley and F. Schneider (eds.), Readings in Public Choice and Constitutional Political Economy (Springer International Publishing, 2008).10.1007/978-0-387-75870-1_15Suche in Google Scholar

Pradiptyo, R., Does Punishment Matter? A Refinement of the Inspection Game, 3 Review of Law and Economics, no. 2 (2005).10.2202/1555-5879.1099Suche in Google Scholar

Pradiptyo, R., A Certain Uncertainty; Assessment of Court Decisions in Tackling Corruption in Indonesia, MPRA Paper No. 36382 (Aug 30, 2011), available at: <https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36382/>.10.2139/ssrn.1480930Suche in Google Scholar

Pradiptyo, R., Does Corruption Pay in Indonesia? If So, Who are Benefited the Most?, MPRA Paper No. 41384 (Sep. 17, 2012), available at: <https://doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000349921.14519.2A>.Suche in Google Scholar

Purwadi, D., ICW Desak Hakim “Kuburan Koruptor” Dievaluasi (November 7, 2011), available at: <https://nasional.republika.co.id/berita/lu9vga/icw-desak-hakim-kuburan-koruptor-dievaluasi>.Suche in Google Scholar

Ramadhan, C.R. and A. A. Reza, “Keterbukaan Informasi Kejaksaan: Implementasi dan Permasalahan,” in MaPPI FHUI, Bunga Rampai Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia (Depok: Badan Penerbit Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia, 2016).Suche in Google Scholar

Ramadhan, C. R., Korupsi Juga Soal Jumlah, Seputar Indonesia, Seputar Indonesia Newspaper (July 25, 2017), available at: <https://nasional.sindonews.com/berita/1223692/18/korupsi-juga-soal-jumlah>.Suche in Google Scholar

Ravensbergen, S., Courtrooms of Conflict; Criminal Law, Local Elites and Legal Pluralities in Colonial Java (Leiden University, 2018).Suche in Google Scholar

Rechters Voor Rechters, Matters of Principle Codes on the Independence and Impartiality of the Judiciary (Den Haag: Raad Voor de Rechtspraak, 2014).Suche in Google Scholar

Ristianto, C., Jaksa Agung Minta Tambahan 10.000 Jaksa Baru ke KemenPAN RB (June 26, 2019), available at: <https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2019/06/17/12305661/jaksa-agung-minta-tambahan-10000-jaksa-baru-ke-kemenpan-rb>.Suche in Google Scholar

Rowley, C. K., “Public Choice and Constitutional Political Economy,” in C. K. Rowley and F. Schneider (eds.), Readings in Public Choice and Constitutional Political Economy (US: Springer International Publishing, 2008).10.1007/978-0-387-75870-1_1Suche in Google Scholar

Seknas FITRA and Indonesia Judicial Research Society (IJRS), Laporan Penelitian Meningkatkan Kualitas Penanganan Perkara Melalui Penganggaran Berbasis Kinerja (BPK) di Kejaksaan RI, Studi Kasus Di 6 Wilayah: Kejati Dki Jakarta, Kejati Jawa Timur, Kejati Kalimantan Barat, Kejati Maluku Utara, Kejati Sumatera Utara, Dan Kejati Papua (Seknas FITRA and IJRS, 2019), available at: <http://ijrs.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Laporan-Penelitian-Meningkatkan-Kualitas-Penanganan-Perkara-Melalui-Penganggaran-Berbasis-Kinerja-BPK-di-Kejaksaan-RI.pdf>.Suche in Google Scholar

Stephenson, M., Specialised Anti-Corruption Courts: Philippines (Bergen: The U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre).Suche in Google Scholar

Stephenson, M., and S. A. Schütte, Specialized anti-corruption courts: A comparative mapping, available at: <https://www.u4.no/publications/specialised-anti-corruption-courts-a-comparative-mapping/>.Suche in Google Scholar

Stevens, A. et al.., Depenalization, diversion and decriminalization: A realist review and program theory of alternatives to criminalization for simple drug possession, European Journal of Criminology [2019].10.1177/1477370819887514Suche in Google Scholar

Suparman, F., Jaksa Agung Berharap Diberi Kewenangan Sama dengan KPK (October 12, 2019), available at: <https://www.beritasatu.com/nasional/579564/jaksa-agung-berharap-diberi-kewenangan-sama-dengan-kpk>.Suche in Google Scholar

Tyler, T. R. and Y. J. Huo, Trust in the Law: Encouraging Public Cooperation with the Police and Courts Through (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2002).Suche in Google Scholar

U.S. Congress Senate Committee on Indian Affairs, Examining the Prevalence of And Solutions to Stopping Violence Against Indian Women (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2007).Suche in Google Scholar

Usman, A., Memberantas korupsi di Indonesia? (January 1, 2010), available at: <https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/laporan_khusus/2010/01/100101_korupsi>.Suche in Google Scholar

Wibisana, A. G., and Marbun, A. N., Corporate Criminal Liability in Indonesia Anti-Corruption Law: Does It Work Properly? 9 Asian Journal of Law and Economics, no. 1 (2018).10.1515/ajle-2017-0029Suche in Google Scholar

Wibowo, A., Amir: Pengadilan Tipikor Baiknya Terpusat di Jakarta (November 7, 2011), available at: <https://news.kompas.com/read/2011/11/07/16300492/amir.pengadilan.tipikor.baiknya.terpusat>.Suche in Google Scholar

Zulaiha, A.R. and S. Angraeni, Menerapkan Biaya Sosial Korupsi Sebagai Hukuman Finansial dalam Kasus Korupsi Kehutanan, 2 Integritas, no. 1 (2016).Suche in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2021-10-18
Published in Print: 2022-02-23

© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Heruntergeladen am 16.9.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/ldr-2021-0107/html
Button zum nach oben scrollen