Pulmo uterinus: a history of ideas on fetal respiration

References

[1] Sendivogius M. A new light of Alchymie: taken out of the fountaine of nature, and manuall experience (1st lat. ed. 1604). London: Richard Cotes; 1650. p. 96.Suche in Google Scholar

[2] Mayow J. On the respiration of the foetus in the uterus (1st ed. 1674). In: The Alembic club, editor. Medico-physical works. being a translation of Tractatus quinque medico-physici. Edinburgh and London: Alembic Club; 1957. p. 211–7.Suche in Google Scholar

[3] Metcalfe J, Bartels H, Moll W. Gas exchange in the pregnant uterus. Physiol Rev. 1967;47:782–838.10.1152/physrev.1967.47.4.782Suche in Google Scholar

[4] Longo LD, Reynolds LP. Some historical aspects of understanding placental development, structure and function. Int J Dev Biol. 2010;54:237–55.10.1387/ijdb.082774llSuche in Google Scholar

[5] Lonie IM. The Hippocratic treatises “On generation”, “On the nature of the child”, “Diaseases IV”: a commentary. Ars medica 2:7. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter; 1981. p. 7.10.1515/9783110863963Suche in Google Scholar

[6] Hippocrates. Über Achtmonatskinder. Über das Siebenmonatskind (unecht). Herausgegeben, übersetzt und erläutert von: Hermann Grensemann. ed. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag; 1968. p. 87.Suche in Google Scholar

[7] Aristotle. De generatione animalium/Generation of animals. translated by: Peck AL: The Loeb Classical Library vol. 366. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1942. Book 2, 4.10.4159/DLCL.aristotle-generation_animals.1942Suche in Google Scholar

[8] Galen. On the usefulness of the parts of the body. translated from the Greek with an introduction and commentary by: Margaret Tallmadge May. Vol. 2. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press; 1968. p. 661, 712.Suche in Google Scholar

[9] Harvey W. Exercitatio anatomica de motu cordis et sanguinis in animalibus (An anatomical Dissertation upon the Movement of the Heart and Blood in Animals, being a statement of the discovery of the circulation of the blood). Reprint. ed. Francofurti (Canterbury): Guglielmi Fitzeri (G. Moreton); 1628. p. 39.Suche in Google Scholar

[10] Ratzinger J. The Holy Spirit as Communio: concerning the relationship of pneumatology and spirituality in Augustine. Communio Int Catholic Rev. 1998;25:324–37.Suche in Google Scholar

[11] Arantius JCB. De humano foetu liber (1st ed. 1564). Venetiis: Apud Jacobum Brechtanum; 1587. p. 18.Suche in Google Scholar

[12] Van der Spieghel A. De formato foetu liber singularis, aeneis figuris exornatus… Opera posthuma studio liberalis Cremae Tarvisini edita. Patavii: Apud Joh. Bap. de Martinis & Livium Pasquatum; [1626]. p. 18–22, Plate 7.Suche in Google Scholar

[13] Casserio G. Tabulae anatomicae; de formatio foetu tabulae. Reprint of the 1627 ed. Venice. Arlington/Mass./London/Stuttgart: Editions Medicina Rara; 1627. Plate VII.Suche in Google Scholar

[14] Hoboken N. Anatomia secundinae humanae repetita, aucta, roborata, et quadraginta quatuor figuris… illustrata (1st ed. Utrecht 1669). Ultrajecti: Johannes Ribbius; 1675. p. 172, 441, Plate XLI.Suche in Google Scholar

[15] Lower R. Tractatus de corde. Item de motu, colore, & transfusione sanguinis. Lugduni Batavorum: Willeke & de Beunje; 1669. p. 178.Suche in Google Scholar

[16] Haller A. First lines of physiology. Edinburgh: Charles Elliot; 1779. p. 129, 461–5.Suche in Google Scholar

[17] Schütz GF, Autenrieth J. Dissertatio inauguralis medica sistens in experimenta circa colorem foetus et sanguinem ipsius instituta. praeside JHF Autenrieth: Inaug.-Diss: Tübingen, 1799.Suche in Google Scholar

[18] Harvey W. Anatomical exercitations, concerning the generation of living creatures: To which are added particular discourses, of births, and of conceptions, &c. (1st Latin ed. 1651). Classics of Obstetrics & Gynecology Library, Gryphon Editions, New York 1991: London: Octavian Pulley; 1653. p. 358, 439, 483.Suche in Google Scholar

[19] Needham W. Disquisitio anatomica de formato foetu (1st ed. London 1667). 2. ed. Amstelodami: Petrus le Grand; 1668. p. 149.Suche in Google Scholar

[20] Borelli GA. De motu animalium. Pars secunda (1st ed. 1681). 2. ed. Lugduni in Batavis: Apud Petrum van der Aa; 1685. p. 167.Suche in Google Scholar

[21] Stalpart van der Wiel P. Dissertation medica inauguralis de nutritione foetus. Lugduni Batavorum: Abraham Elzevier; 1686. Vol. 4.Suche in Google Scholar

[22] Ray J. The wisdom of God manifested in the works of the creation. 1st ed. London: Samuel Smith; 1691. p. 56–7.Suche in Google Scholar

[23] Becher JJ. Actorum laboratorii chymici Monacensis, seu physicae subterraneae libri duo. Francofurti: Johann David Zunner; 1669.Suche in Google Scholar

[24] Stahl GE. Zymotechnica fundamentalis, seu fermentationis theoria generalis… Halle, Saale: Christoph Salfeldius, 1697.Suche in Google Scholar

[25] Diemerbroeck I. Anatome corporis humani (1st ed. Ultrajecti 1672). Lugduni: Sumpt. Joan. Antonius Huguetan; 1679. p. 196–200.Suche in Google Scholar

[26] Verheyen P. Corporis humani anatomia. Lovanii: Apud Aegidium Denique; 1693. p. 116.Suche in Google Scholar

[27] Cheselden W. The anatomy of the human body (1st ed. 1713). 4th ed. London: W. Bowyer; 1730. p. 272.Suche in Google Scholar

[28] Mazzini GB. Conjecturae physico-medico-hydrostaticae de respiratione foetus. Brixiae: Joannis-Maria Rizzardi; 1737. p. 3, 15.Suche in Google Scholar

[29] Astrup P, Severinghaus JW. The history of blood gases, acids and bases. Copenhagen: Munksgaard; 1986. p. 28–49.Suche in Google Scholar

[30] Lavoisier A. Traité élémentaire de Chimie (1st ed. 1789). In: Le ministre de l’instruction publique et des cultes. Oeuvres de Lavoisier, Tome I, Paris: Imprimerie Impériale; 1864. Fig. 2.Suche in Google Scholar

[31] Girtanner C. Anfangsgründe der antiphlogistischen Chemie. Berlin: Johann Friedrich Unger; 1792. p. 255.Suche in Google Scholar

[32] Darwin E. Zoonomia; or the laws of organic life. London: J. Johnson; 1794: Vol. 1, p. 470–475.Suche in Google Scholar

[33] Scheel P. Dissertation inauguralis de liquore amnii asperae arteriae foetuum humanorum cui adduntur quaedam generaliora de liquore amnii. Hafniae: Typis N. Christensen, 1798: p. 48.Suche in Google Scholar

[34] Kirchhoff GR, Bunsen RW. Chemische Analyse durch Spektralbeobachtungen. Leipzig: Engelmann, 1860: plate II.10.1002/prac.18600800151Suche in Google Scholar

[35] Zweifel P. Die Respiration des Foetus. Arch Gynecol. 1876;9: 291–305.Suche in Google Scholar

[36] Hoppe-[Seyler] F. Über das Verhalten des Blutfarbstoffes im Spectrum des Sonnenlichtes. Virchows Arch Path Anat 1862;23:446–9.10.1007/BF01939277Suche in Google Scholar

[37] Körber E. Ueber Differenzen des Blutfarbstoffes. Inaug-Diss Dorpat. Dorpat: C. Mattiesen; 1866. p. 37–9.Suche in Google Scholar

[38] Cohnstein J, Zuntz N. Untersuchungen über das Blut, den Kreislauf und die Athmung beim Säugethier-Fötus. Pflügers Arch Physiol. 1884;34:173–233.10.1007/BF01612852Suche in Google Scholar

[39] Huggett AStG. Foetal blood-gas tensions and gas transfusion through the placenta of the goat. J Physiol. 1927;62:373–84.10.1113/jphysiol.1927.sp002367Suche in Google Scholar

[40] Dodds GS. The area of the chorionic villi in the full term placenta. Anat Record. 1922;24:287–94.10.1002/ar.1090240503Suche in Google Scholar

[41] Haselhorst G, Stromberger K. Über den Gasgehalt des Nabelschnurblutes vor und nach der Geburt des Kindes und über den Gasaustausch in der Plazenta. II. Miteilung. Zschr f Geburtsh u Gynäkol. 1931;100:48–70.Suche in Google Scholar

[42] Barcroft J. The conditions of foetal respiration. The Lancet. 1933;222:1021–4.10.1016/S0140-6736(01)19054-9Suche in Google Scholar

[43] Eastman NJ, Geiling EMK, De Lawder AM. Foetal blood studies IV. The oxygen and carbon dioxide dissociation curves of foetal blood. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp. 1933;53:246–54.Suche in Google Scholar

[44] Barcroft J. Die Atmungsfunktion des Blutes. 1. Erfahrungen in großen Höhen. Berlin: Springer; 1927. p. 1–182.Suche in Google Scholar

[45] Haselhorst G. Unsere bisherigen Erfahrungen mit der eugenischen Sterilisierung der Frau. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1935;61:1663–5.10.1055/s-0028-1122607Suche in Google Scholar

[46] Barcroft J. Researches on pre-natal life. 2. ed. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1947. Vol. 1.Suche in Google Scholar

[47] Barron DH. The oxygen pressure gradient between the maternal and fetal blood in pregnant sheep. Yale J Biol Med. 1946;19:23–7.Suche in Google Scholar

[48] Porter RR, Sanger F. The free amino groups of haemoglobins. Biochem J. 1948;42:287–94.10.1042/bj0420287Suche in Google Scholar

[49] Romney SD, Reid D, Metcalfe J, Burwell S. Oxygen utilization by the human fetus in utero. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1955;70:791–9.10.1097/00006254-195604000-00002Suche in Google Scholar

[50] Bartels H, Moll W. Passage of inert substances and oxygen in the human placenta. Pflugers Arch Gesamte Physiol Menschen Tiere. 1964;280:165–77.10.1007/BF00363755Suche in Google Scholar

[51] Dawes GS, Duncan SL, Lewis BV, Merlet CL, Owen-Thomas JB, Reeves JT. Hypoxaemia and aortic chemoreceptor function in foetal lambs. J Physiol. 1969;201:105–16.10.1113/jphysiol.1969.sp008745Suche in Google Scholar

[52] Meschia G, Cotter JR, Breathnach CS, Barron DH. The hemoglobin, oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion concentrations in the umbilical bloods of sheep and goats as sampled via indwelling plastic catheters. Exp Physiol. 1965;50: 185–95.10.1113/expphysiol.1965.sp001780Suche in Google Scholar

[53] Carter AM. Evolution of placental function in mammals: the molecular basis of gas and nutrient transfer, hormone secretion, and immune responses. Physiol Rev. 2012;92:1543–76.10.1152/physrev.00040.2011Suche in Google Scholar

[54] Semenza G. Signal transduction to hypoxia-inducible factor 1. Biochem Pharmacol. 2002;64:993–8.10.1016/S0006-2952(02)01168-1Suche in Google Scholar