Structural and optical characterizations of zinc oxide nanostructures synthesized at low temperatures via sol–gel technique
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Prakash Yadav
Abstract
The present study demonstrates the feasibility of synthesizing high-quality ZnO nanostructures at extremely low temperatures using the sol–gel method. The synthesized nanostructured samples are analysed through various analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction, UV–Vis spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and zeta potential measurements. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed highly intense, distinct peaks corresponding to the (100) (002), and (101) crystallographic planes, confirming the presence of a hexagonal wurtzite structure for all synthesized samples. All the samples exhibited maximum absorption peaks at wavelengths of 383 nm, 368 nm, and 358 nm, with corresponding band gap energies 2.93 eV, 3.58 eV, and 3.68 eV. The field effect scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the synthesized samples (1) (II), and (III) displayed a microstructure like a nanoparticle. Furthermore, zeta potential measurements provided insights into the surface charge characteristics of the samples. This approach can lead to the development of cost-effective, energy-efficient, and scalable processes for the fabrication of advanced materials and devices in optoelectronics, sensors, catalysis, and biomedical applications. Further research is needed to optimize the synthesis parameters and explore the full potential of these low-temperature-synthesized ZnO nanostructures in various applications.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support and infrastructure provided by the ABV-Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Gwalior, which facilitated the successful execution of this research. The authors would like to acknowledge the Central Instrument facilities of the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal for generously providing access to the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and zeta potential characterization, and central research facility, Delhi University, for FE-SEM facilities. Furthermore, PY sincerely thanks the Ministry of Education, India, for the fellowship awarded.
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Research ethics: The reported work in this manuscript has not been submitted or under consideration to any journal or conference.
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Informed consent: Not applicable.
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Author contributions: “A. S.: Conceptualization, Supervision, Review, and Editing” “P. Y.: Experimentation, Result analysis, and Manuscript writing” “K. G.: Scientific discussion and Editing” “H. S. T: Result verification and review”.
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Use of Large Language Models, AI, and Machine Learning Tools: The authors declare that no large language models (LLMs), artificial intelligence (AI), or machine learning (ML) tools were used in the preparation, writing, or editing of this manuscript.
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Conflict of interest: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
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Research funding: The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received for this work.
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Data availability: Not applicable.
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