Startseite Naturwissenschaften Determination of the elasto-plastic material characteristics of Norway spruce and European beech wood by experimental and numerical analyses
Artikel
Lizenziert
Nicht lizenziert Erfordert eine Authentifizierung

Determination of the elasto-plastic material characteristics of Norway spruce and European beech wood by experimental and numerical analyses

  • Jaromír Milch EMAIL logo , Jan Tippner , Václav Sebera und Martin Brabec
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 28. Mai 2016

Abstract

Experimental and numerical analyses are presented concerning of compression tests parallel and perpendicular to the grain, three-point bending, and double-shear joints in compliance with the relevant test standards (ASTM D2395, BS 373, EN 383 and EN 26891). Woods of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) were tested to describe their non-linear behavior. Elasto-plastic material models were the basis for the finite-element (FE) analyses with the input of own experimental data and those of the literature. The elasto-plastic material model with non-linear isotropic hardening was applied based on the Hill yield criterion in regions of uniaxial compression. The material characteristics were first optimized and validated by means of basic 3D FE models under the same conditions as applied for the experiments. Afterwards, the validated material models were implemented into the solver with more complex numerical analyses of wooden dowel joints. Concurrently, the digital image correlation (DIC) served for verification of the numerical wooden joint models. A good agreement (with a relative error up to 16%) was found between numerically predicted and experimentally measured data. The differences may be mainly attributed to some natural characteristics of wood which were not considered in the proposed material models. The proposed elasto-plastic material models are capable of predicting the wood’s ultimate strength, and therefore could contribute to a more reliable design of wood structures and their performance.

Acknowledgments:

This paper was created at the Research Center Josef Ressel in Brno-Útěchov, Mendel University in Brno with financial supports from the student project no. 21/2015 of the Internal Grant Agency of the Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, and by NAKI project “Historical Timber Structures: Typology, Diagnostics and Traditional Wood Working” reg. No, DG16P02M026, provided by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic.

References

Abruzzese, D., Miccoli, L., Yuan, J. (2009) Mechanical behavior of leaning masonry Huzhu Pagoda. J. Cult. Herit. 10:480–486.10.1016/j.culher.2009.02.004Suche in Google Scholar

ANSYS® Mechanical APDL, Release 14.5, Help System, ANSYS, Inc.Suche in Google Scholar

Arciszewska-Kędzior, A., Kunecký, J., Hasníková, H., Sebera, V. (2015) Lapped scarf joint with inclined faces and wooden dowels: experimental and numerical analysis. Eng. Struct. 94:1–8.10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.03.036Suche in Google Scholar

ASTM D2395. Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Wood and Wood-Based Materials. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 2014.Suche in Google Scholar

Brabec, M., Tippner, J., Sebera, V., Milch, J., Rademacher, P. (2015) Standard and non-standard deformation behavior of European beech and Norway spruce during compression. Holzforschung 69:1107–1116.10.1515/hf-2014-0231Suche in Google Scholar

Branco, J.M., Descamps, T. (2015) Analysis and strengthening of carpentry joints. Constr. Build. Mater. 97:34–47.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.05.089Suche in Google Scholar

BS 373. British Standard: Methods of Testing Small Clear Specimens of Timber. British Standard Institution, London, 1957.Suche in Google Scholar

Bulleit, W.M., Sandberg, L.B., Drewek, M.W., O’Bryant, T.L. (1999) Behavior and modeling of wood-pegged timber frames. J. Struct. Eng. 125:3–9.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1999)125:1(3)Suche in Google Scholar

CEN 1994-09-01, EN 26891:1994 Timber Structures. Joints Made with Mechanical Fasteners. General Principles for the Determination of Strength and Deformation Characteristics. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, 1994.Suche in Google Scholar

CEN 2007-02-28, EN 383:2007 (E) Timber Structures-Test Methods-Determination of Embedment Strength and Foundation Values for Dowel Type Fasteners. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, 2007.Suche in Google Scholar

Chen, C.J., Lee, T.L., Jeng, D.S. (2003) Finite element modeling for the mechanical behavior of dowel-type timber joints. Comput. Struct. 81:2731–2738.10.1016/S0045-7949(03)00338-9Suche in Google Scholar

Clouston, P.L., Lam, F. (2002) A stochastic plasticity approach to strength modeling of strand-based wood composites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 62:1381–1395.10.1016/S0266-3538(02)00086-6Suche in Google Scholar

Descamps, T., Léoskool, L., Van Parys, L., Noël, J., Aira, J.R. (2014) Sensitivity of old timber hyperstatic frames to the stiffness of step and ridge connections. In: World Conference on Timber Engineering, Quebec City, Canada.Suche in Google Scholar

Dias, A.M.P.G., Van de Kuilen, J.W., Cruz, H.M.P., Lopes, S.M.R. (2010) Numerical modeling of the load-deformation behavior of doweled softwood and hardwood joints. Wood Fiber. Sci. 42:480–489.Suche in Google Scholar

Dias, A.M.P.G., Van de Kuilen, J.W., Lopes, S., Cruz, H. (2007) A non-linear 3D FEM model to simulate timber-concrete joints. Adv. Eng. Softw. 38:522–530.10.1016/j.advengsoft.2006.08.024Suche in Google Scholar

Hering, S., Saft, S., Resch, E., Niemz, P., Kaliske, M. (2012) Characterisation of moisture-dependent plasticity of beech wood and its application to a multi-surface plasticity model. Holzforschung 66:373–380.10.1515/hf.2011.162Suche in Google Scholar

Hill, R. The Mathematical Theory of Plasticity. The Oxford Engineering Science Series, Oxford, 1950, pp. 97–114.Suche in Google Scholar

Hong, J., Barrett, D. (2008) Wood material parameters of numerical model for bolted connections-compression properties and embedment properties. In: Proceedings of the 10th World Conference on Timber Engineering, Miyazaki, Japan, pp. 1018–1025.Suche in Google Scholar

Hong, J.P., Barrett, J.D., Lam, F. (2011). Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the Japanese traditional post-and-beam connection. J. Wood Sci. 57:119–125.10.1007/s10086-010-1151-0Suche in Google Scholar

Hong, J.-P., Lee, J.-J., Yeo, H., Kim, C.-K., Pang, S.-J., Oh, J.-K. (2016). Parametric study on the capability of three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D-FEA) of compressive behavior of Douglas fir. Holzforschung 70:539–546.10.1515/hf-2015-0151Suche in Google Scholar

Kessel, M.H., Augustin, R. (1995) Load behavior of connections with oak pegs. Peavy, M.D. and Schmidt, R.J., trans. Timber framing, J. Timber Framers Guild 38:6–9.Suche in Google Scholar

Kessel, M.H., Augustin, R. (1996) Load behavior of connections with pegs II. Timber framing, J. Timber Framers Guild 39:8–10.Suche in Google Scholar

Kharouf, N., McClure, G., Smith, I. (2003) Elasto-plastic modeling of wood bolted connections. Comput. Struct. 81:747–754.10.1016/S0045-7949(02)00482-0Suche in Google Scholar

Khorsandnia, N., Valipour, H.R., Crews, K. (2013) Nonlinear finite element analysis of timber beams and joints using the layered approach and hypoelastic constitutive law. Eng. Struct. 46:606–614.10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.08.017Suche in Google Scholar

Kollmann, F.F., Côte, W.A. Principles of Wood Science and Technology I. Solid Wood. In: Principles of Wood Science and Technology. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1968.10.1007/978-3-642-87928-9Suche in Google Scholar

Kunecký, J., Arciszewska-Kędzior, A., Sebera, V., Hasníková, H. (2015b) Mechanical performance of dovetail joint related to the global stiffness of timber roof structures. Mater. Struct. DOI: 10.1617/s11527-015-0651-1 (in press).Suche in Google Scholar

Kunecký, J., Sebera, V., Hasníková, H., Arciszewska-Kędzior, A., Tippner, J., Kloiber, M. (2015a) Experimental assessment of a full-scale lap scarf timber joint accompanied by a finite element analysis and digital image correlation. Constr. Build. Mater. 76:24–33.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.11.034Suche in Google Scholar

McLain, T., Thangjitham, S. (1983) Bolted wood joint yield model. J. Struct. Eng. 109:1820–1835.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1983)109:8(1820)Suche in Google Scholar

Mohamadzadeh, M., Haftkhani, A. R., Ebrahimi, G., Yoshihara, H. (2012) Numerical and experimental failure analysis of screwed single shear joints in wood plastic composite. Mater. Design 35:404–413.10.1016/j.matdes.2011.09.061Suche in Google Scholar

Moses, D.M., Prion, H.G. (2002) Anisotropic plasticity and failure prediction in wood composites. Research Report. University of British Columbia, Canada, pp. 1–22.Suche in Google Scholar

Oudjene, M., Khelifa, M. (2009a) Elasto-plastic constitutive law for wood behavior under compressive loadings. Constr. Build. Mater. 23:3359–3366.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.06.034Suche in Google Scholar

Oudjene, M., Khelifa, M. (2009b) Finite element modelling of wooden structures at large deformations and brittle failure prediction. Mater. Design 30:4081–4087.10.1016/j.matdes.2009.05.024Suche in Google Scholar

Oudjene, M., Khelifa, M. (2010) Experimental and numerical analyses of single double shear dowel-type timber joints. In: Proceedings of the 11th World Conference on Timber Engineering, Trentino, Italy, pp. 476–482.Suche in Google Scholar

Patton-Mallory, M., Cramer, S.M., Smith, F.W., Pellicane, P.J. (1997) Nonlinear material models for analysis of bolted wood connections. J. Struct. Eng. 123:1063–1070.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1997)123:8(1063)Suche in Google Scholar

Požgaj, A., Chovanec, D., Kurjatko, S., Babiak, M. Štruktůra a vlastnosti dreva. Priroda a. s., Bratislava, 1997.Suche in Google Scholar

Rahman, M.U., Chiang, Y.J., Rowlands, R.E. (1991) Stress and failure analysis of double-bolted joints in Douglas fir and Sitka spruce. Wood Fiber. Sci. 23:567–589.Suche in Google Scholar

Santos, C.L., De Jesus, A.M., Morais, J.J., Lousada, J.L. (2009) Quasi-static mechanical behavior of a double-shear single dowel wood connection. Constr. Build. Mater. 23:171–182.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.01.005Suche in Google Scholar

Santos, C.L., Morais, J.J.L., de Jesus, A.M.P. (2015) Mechanical behaviour of wood T-joints. Experimental and numerical investigation. F&IS. 31:23–37.10.3221/IGF-ESIS.31.03Suche in Google Scholar

Sebera, V., Muszyński, L., Tippner, J., Noyel, M., Pisaneschi, T., Sundberg, B. (2013) FE analysis of CLT panel subjected to torsion and verified by DIC. Mater. Struct. 48:451–459.10.1617/s11527-013-0195-1Suche in Google Scholar

Sohouli, A.R., Goudarzi, A.M., Alashti, R.A. (2011) Finite element analysis of elastic-plastic contact mechanic considering the effect of contact geometry and material properties. J. Surface Eng. Mat. Adv. Techn. 1:125–129.10.4236/jsemat.2011.13019Suche in Google Scholar

Uhmeier, A., Persson, K. (1997) Numerical analysis of wood chipping. Holzforschung 51:83–90.10.1515/hfsg.1997.51.1.83Suche in Google Scholar

Ukyo, S., Karube, M., Harada, M., Hideki A.O.I. (2010) Damage detection in bolted timber connections using acoustic emission monitoring. In: Proceedings of the 11th World Conference on Timber Engineering, Trentino, Italy, pp. 498–506.Suche in Google Scholar

Xu, B.H., Taazount, M., Bouchaïr, A., Racher, P. (2009) Numerical 3D finite element modelling and experimental tests for dowel-type timber joints. Constr. Build. Mater. 23:3043–3052.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.04.006Suche in Google Scholar

Received: 2015-12-26
Accepted: 2016-4-21
Published Online: 2016-5-28
Published in Print: 2016-11-1

©2016 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Heruntergeladen am 23.12.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/hf-2015-0267/html
Button zum nach oben scrollen