Modification of Claus Sulfur Recovery Unit by Isothermal Reactors to Decrease Sulfur Contaminant Emission: Process Modeling and Optimization

References

[1] Cox BG, Clarke PF, Pruden BB. Economics of thermal dissociation of H2S to produce hydrogen. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 1998;23:531–44.10.1016/S0360-3199(97)00111-0Suche in Google Scholar

[2] Goar B. Sulfur recovery technology. New York: American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1986.Suche in Google Scholar

[3] Clark PD. Sulfur and hydrogen sulfide recovery. Kirk-Othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2000.Suche in Google Scholar

[4] Pierucci S, Ranzi E, Molinari L. Modeling a claus process reaction furnace via a radical kinetic scheme. Comput Aided Chem Eng. 2004;18:463–68.10.1016/S1570-7946(04)80143-3Suche in Google Scholar

[5] Manenti F, Papasidero D, Bozzano G, Ranzi E. Model-based optimization of sulfur recovery units. Comput Chem Eng. 2014;66:244–51.10.1016/j.compchemeng.2014.01.019Suche in Google Scholar

[6] Zarei S, Ganji H, Sadi M, Rashidzadeh M. Kinetic modeling and optimization of Claus reaction furnace. J Nat Gas Sci Eng. 2016;31:747–57.10.1016/j.jngse.2016.03.086Suche in Google Scholar

[7] Kazempour H, Pourfayaz F, Mehrpooya M. Modeling and multi-optimization of thermal section of Claus process based on kinetic model. J Nat Gas Sci Eng. 2017;38:235–44.10.1016/j.jngse.2016.12.038Suche in Google Scholar

[8] Nabikandi NJ, Fatemi S. Kinetic modelling of a commercial sulfur recovery unit based on Claus straight through process: comparison with equilibrium model. J Ind Eng Chem. 2015;30:50–63.10.1016/j.jiec.2015.05.001Suche in Google Scholar

[9] Puchyr DM, Mehrotra AK, Behie LA, Kalogerakis N. Hydrodynamic and kinetic modelling of circulating fluidized bed reactors applied to a modified Claus plant. Chem Eng Sci. 1996;51:5251–62.10.1016/S0009-2509(96)00364-8Suche in Google Scholar

[10] Elsner MP, Menge M, Müller C, Agar DW. The Claus process: teaching an old dog new tricks. Catal Today. 2003;79:487–94.10.1016/S0920-5861(03)00071-3Suche in Google Scholar

[11] Asadi S, Pakizeh M, Chenar MP. An investigation of reaction furnace temperatures and sulfur recovery. Front Chem Sci Eng. 2011;5:362–71.10.1007/s11705-011-1106-zSuche in Google Scholar

[12] Ghahraloud H, Farsi M, Rahimpour M. Modeling and optimization of an industrial Claus process: thermal and catalytic section. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng. 2017;76:1–9.10.1016/j.jtice.2017.03.005Suche in Google Scholar

[13] Reverberi AP, Klemeš JJ, Varbanov PS, Fabiano B. A review on hydrogen production from hydrogen sulphide by chemical and photochemical methods. J Clean Prod. 2016;136:72–80.10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.139Suche in Google Scholar

[14] Adewale R, Salem DJ, Berrouk AS, Dara S. Simulation of hydrogen production from thermal decomposition of hydrogen sulfide in sulfur recovery units. J Clean Prod. 2016;112:4815–25.10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.08.021Suche in Google Scholar

[15] Bassani A, Pirola C, Maggio E, Pettinau A, Frau C, Bozzano G, et al. Acid Gas to Syngas (AG2S™) technology applied to solid fuel gasification: cutting H2S and CO2 emissions by improving syngas production. Appl Energy. 2016;184:1284–91.10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.06.040Suche in Google Scholar

[16] Bassani A, Bozzano G, Pirola C, Ranzi E, Pierucci S, Manenti F. Low impact methanol production from sulfur rich coal gasification. Energy Procedia. 2017;105:4519–24.10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.970Suche in Google Scholar

[17] Eow JS. Recovery of sulfur from sour acid gas: a review of the technology. Environ Prog. 2002;21:143–62.10.1002/ep.670210312Suche in Google Scholar

[18] Dowling NI, Clark PD. Kinetic modeling of the reaction between hydrogen and sulfur and opposing H2S decomposition at high temperatures. Ind Eng Chem Res. 1999;38:1369–75.10.1021/ie980293tSuche in Google Scholar

[19] Hawboldt KA. Kinetic modelling of key reactions in the modified Claus plant front end furnace. University of Calgary, 1998.Suche in Google Scholar

[20] Monnery W, Hawboldt K, Pollock A, Svrcek W. New experimental data and kinetic rate expression for the Claus reaction. Chem Eng Sci. 2000;55:5141–48.10.1016/S0009-2509(00)00146-9Suche in Google Scholar

[21] Dryer F, Glassman I, editors. High-temperature oxidation of CO and CH4. Symposium (International) on combustion. Elsevier, 1973.10.1016/S0082-0784(73)80090-6Suche in Google Scholar

[22] Westbrook CK, Dryer FL. Simplified reaction mechanisms for the oxidation of hydrocarbon fuels in flames. Combust Sci Technol. 1981;27:31–43.10.1080/00102208108946970Suche in Google Scholar

[23] Karan K, Mehrotra AK, Behie LA. COS-forming reaction between CO and sulfur: A high-temperature intrinsic kinetics study. Ind Eng Chem Res. 1998;37:4609–16.10.1021/ie9802966Suche in Google Scholar

[24] Karan K, Mehrotra AK, Behie LA. A high-temperature experimental and modeling study of homogeneous gas-phase COS reactions applied to Claus plants. Chem Eng Sci. 1999;54:2999–3006.10.1016/S0009-2509(98)00475-8Suche in Google Scholar

[25] Monnery W, Hawboldt K, Pollock A, Svrcek W. Ammonia pyrolysis and oxidation in the Claus furnace. Ind Eng Chem Res. 2001;40:144–51.10.1021/ie990764rSuche in Google Scholar

[26] Karan K, Behie LA. CS2 formation in the Claus reaction furnace: A kinetic study of methane-sulfur and methane-hydrogen sulfide reactions. Ind Eng Chem Res. 2004;43:3304–13.10.1021/ie030515+Suche in Google Scholar

[27] Birkholz RK, Behie LA, Lana IG. Kinetic modelling of a fluidized bed Claus plant. Can J Chem Eng. 1987;65:778–84.10.1002/cjce.5450650511Suche in Google Scholar

[28] Tong S, Dalla Lana I, Chuang K. Kinetic modelling of the hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide catalyzed by either titania or alumina. Can J Chem Eng. 1993;71:392–400.10.1002/cjce.5450710308Suche in Google Scholar

[29] Tong S, Dalla Lana I, Chuang K. Kinetic modeling of the hydrolysis of carbon disulfide catalyzed by either titania or alumina. Can J Chem Eng. 1995;73:220–27.10.1002/cjce.5450730208Suche in Google Scholar

[30] Holman J. Heat transfer, 9th ed. Boston : McGraw-Hill, 2002.Suche in Google Scholar

[31] Fogler HS. Elements of chemical reaction engineering. Estados Unidos: Prentice Hall, 1999.Suche in Google Scholar

[32] Cussler EL. Diffusion: mass transfer in fluid systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.10.1017/CBO9780511805134Suche in Google Scholar

[33] Smith JM. Chemical engineering kinetics. Singapore: McGraw-Hill, 1981.Suche in Google Scholar

[34] Wilke C. Estimation of liquid diffusion coefficients. Chem Eng Prog. 1949;45:218–24.Suche in Google Scholar

[35] Reid RC, Prausnitz JM, Poling BE. The properties of gases and liquids. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1987.Suche in Google Scholar

[36] Edgar TF, Himmelblau DM, Lasdon LS. Optimization of chemical processes. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001Suche in Google Scholar