The blurring of the boundaries: changes in verb/noun heterosemy in Recent English

The following 1,000 words had been automatically retrieved from COHA. Crossed out words have been deleted from our sample following a manual check. The sample for our quantitative analysis contained all remaining 877 words.

abuse , access, accord, account, ache, act, addict, address , advance, advocate , aid, aim, alarm, alert, ally , amount, anchor, anger, angle, answer, appeal, approach, arc, arch, array, arrest, assault, associate , attack, attempt, attribute , auction, average, award, back , backup , balance, balloon, ban, bang, bar, bargain, bark, bartender , base, bat , bath , battle, bead, beam, bear , beat, bend, benefit, bet, bias, bid, bite, black , blame, blast, blaze, blend, blink, block, blossom, blow, bluff, blush, board, boast, boil, bolt, bomb, bond, boom, boost, boot, border, bore, bounce, bow , bowl, brace, brake, brand, break, breakfast, breed, broadcast, brush, bubble, buck , bud, bug, bulk, bump, bunch, bundle, burden, burn, burst, bust , butt , button, cable, call, calm, campaign, can , cap, capture, care, carpet, cart, cash, cast, cause, caution, cement, chain, challenge, champion, change, channel, chant, charge, charm, chart, charter, chase, chat, cheat, check, cheer, chick , chill, chip, choke, chop, chronicle, chuckle, circle, claim, clamp, clap, clasp, claw, click, climax, clip, clown, cluster, clutch, coach, coat, coil, coin, collapse, color, comb, combat, comfort, command, comment, commission, compliment, compound , compromise, con , concern, conduct , confine, consent, construct , contact, content , contest , contract , contrast , control, convert , convict , cook, cool , copy, cost, cough, counsel, count, countenance, counter, couple, cover, crack, craft, crash, credit, creep, crop, cross, crouch, crowd, crown, cruise, crunch, crush, cry, cup, curb, cure, curl, curse, curve, cut, cycle, dam, damage, dance, dart, dash, date, deal, debate, debut, decline, decrease, decree, defeat, defect, delay, delegate , delight, demand, deposit, desert , design, desire, despair, dial, dictate, didn , dig, dip, discharge , discipline, discount , disgust, dislike, dispatch , display, dispute, distress, ditch, dive, divide, divorce, dock, document, don , dope, dot, double, doubt, down , draft, drain, drape, dream, dress, drift, drill, drink, drip, drive, drone, drop, drum, duck , dump, dust, dye, ease, echo, effect, embrace, encounter, end, endeavor, engineer, envy, escape, escort , essay , estimate , exchange, excuse, exercise, exhaust, exhibit, exile, exit, experience, experiment, exploit, export , express , extract , face, fall, fan , fancy, fare, fashion, fatigue, favor, fear, feast, feature, feed, fer , fight, figure, file, filter, finance, finish, fire, fish, fit, fix, flag, flame, flank, flash, flavor, flick, fling, flip, float, flock, flood, flow, flush, flutter, fly, focus, fold, fool, force, form, founder , frame, freak, freeze, frown, fuck, fuel, function, fund, gain, gasp, gaze, gear, gesture, giggle, glance, glare, gleam, glimpse, glow, gossip, grace, grade, graduate , grant, grasp, grill, grin, grind, grip, groan, growl, grunt, guarantee, guard, guide, gut, hack, hail, halt, hammer, handicap, handle, harbor, harm, harvest, hate, haul, haunt, hawk, hazard, head, headline, heap, heat, heave, hedge, help, herd, hide , highlight, hike, hint, hiss, hit, hog , hollow, honor, hook, hop , hope, host, hound, hug, hum, hunt, hurry, implement, import , increase , influence, ing , insert, institute, insult , interview, iron, issue, jack , jail, jam, jar , jerk, jockey, joke, journey, judge, jump, kick, kid, kiss, knock, knot, label, labor, lace, lack, lance, land, lap , laugh, launch, lead , leak, leap, lease, lecture, level, license, lick, lie , lift, light, limit, line, link, list, live, load, lobby, lock, lodge, log, look, loom, loop, lounge, love, lumber, lump, lure, mail, major , maneuver, manufacture, map, march , mark , market, marshal, mask, master, match, mate, matter, measure, menace, mention, merchandise, merit, mess, mill, mind, mine , miss , mist, mistake, mix, moan, model, monitor, moonlight, motion, motor, mount, move, murder, murmur, muse, nail, name, nap, need, neglect, nest, net, nigger , nod, note, notice, nurse, object , offer, orbit, order, outfit, outlaw, outline, ow , pace, pack, package, pad, paint, pair, pan , panic, pant , parade, pardon, park, pass, pat , patch, patrol, pause, pay, peak, peek, peel, peer , pen, permit , pet, petition, phase, phone, photograph, picture, pile, pilot, pin, pioneer, pipe, piss, pit, pitch , pity, place, plan, plant, play, pledge, plot, plunge, point, poison, poke, polish , poll, pop , pose, position, post , pound , powder, practice, praise, prejudice, prep, present , preserve, press, prey, pride, print, proceed, process, profile, profit, program, progress , project , promise, prop , protest , pulse, pump, punch, purchase, purse, puzzle, quarrel, question, quiver, quote, race , rack, rage, raid, rain, rally, ram, range, rank, rape, rate, ration, rattle, rear , rebel , recess, record , recruit, reference, reform , regard, register, regret, rein, release, remark, remedy, rent, repair, repeal, reply, report, request, rescue, reserve, resolve, resort, respect, rest , result, resume , retort, retreat, return, reverse, review, revolt, reward, ride, rim, ring , riot, rip , rise, risk, rival, roar, rock , roll, root, round, row, ruin, rule, rumor, run, rush, sack, sacrifice, saddle, sag, sail, salute, sample, sanction, scale , scan, scar, scare, scent, schedule, scoop, score, scorn, scout, scrap, scrape, scratch, scream, screen, screw, scrub, seal , search, seat, seed, sense, sentence, set , shade, shame, shape, share, shave, shed , shell, shelter, shield, shift, shine, ship, shiver, shock, shop, shore , shout, shovel, show, shower, shriek, shrink, shrug, shudder, shuttle, sigh, sign, signal, silence, sin, sink, sip, skate, sketch, ski, skip , skirt, slam, slap, slash, sleep, slice, slide, slip, slope, slot, slump, smash, smell, smile, smoke, snack, snake, snatch, sniff, snort, sob, sock , sort, sound, span, spark, spear, speed, spell , spice, spike, spill, spin, spit, splash, split, spoil, sponsor, spoon, spot, spray, spread, spring, spy, square, squat, squeeze, stab, stack, stage, stagger, stain, stake , stall, stamp, start, state, steam, steer, stem, step, stick, stink, stir, stitch, stock, stoop, store, storm, strain, strand , strap, streak, stream, stress, stretch, stride, strike, string, strip, stroke, stroll, struggle, stud , study, stuff, stump, subject , substitute, suit, sum, supply, support, surge, surprise, surrender, survey , suspect , swallow , swamp, swarm, sway, sweat, sweep, swell, swim, swing, swirl, switch, tackle, tag, talk, tap , tape, target, taste, tattoo, tear , telegraph, telephone, temper, term, test, think , thread, thrill, throng, thrust, thumb, thunder, tie, tile, tilt, tip , title, toast, toll , top, torch, torpedo, torture, total, touch, tour, tower, toy, trace, track, trade, trail, train, transfer , transport , trap, trash, travel, tread, treasure, treat, trick, trigger, trim, trip, triumph, trot, trouble, trumpet, trust, tuck , tug, tumble, tune, turn, twist, update , urge, use, vacuum, value, vault, ve , veil, venture, veto, view, visit, volunteer, vote, wage, wail, wake , walk, warp, warrant, wash, waste, watch, wave, weave, weed, welcome, well , wet , wheel, whip, whirl, whisper, whistle, will, win, wind , wink, wire, wish, witness, wonder, work, worm, worry, worship, wound, wrap, wreck, yank, yawn, yell, yield, zip .