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Chapter 6 Impact of salinity stress on medicinal and aromatic plant biotechnology

  • Fatemeh Ahmadi
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Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
Ein Kapitel aus dem Buch Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Abstract

Salinity stress is a critical environmental challenge affecting the growth, development, and metabolic processes of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs). These plants are highly valued for their secondary metabolites, which have extensive applications in medicine, cosmetics, and the food industry. Salinity disrupts key physiological functions, including photosynthesis, water relations, and nutrient balance, while inducing oxidative stress and altering metabolite production. Despite these challenges, MAPs exhibit remarkable physiological, biochemical, and molecular adaptive mechanisms, such as osmotic adjustment, ion homeostasis, antioxidant defenses, and regulation of stress-responsive genes. This chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of the effects of salinity on MAPs, highlighting changes in growth metrics, photosynthesis, and secondary metabolite production. It delves into molecular mechanisms that enable salt tolerance, such as the SOS pathway, ion transporters, and transcription factors. Furthermore, the chapter explores strategies to enhance salt resilience in MAPs, including the use of plant growth regulators, beneficial microorganisms, genetic engineering, and agronomic practices like mulching and silicon supplementation. The integration of advanced biotechnological tools, such as CRISPR/Cas9 and omics approaches, is also discussed to optimize salt tolerance and metabolite production. By leveraging these insights, sustainable solutions for MAP cultivation in saline environments can be achieved, ensuring the continued economic and therapeutic significance of these plants.

Abstract

Salinity stress is a critical environmental challenge affecting the growth, development, and metabolic processes of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs). These plants are highly valued for their secondary metabolites, which have extensive applications in medicine, cosmetics, and the food industry. Salinity disrupts key physiological functions, including photosynthesis, water relations, and nutrient balance, while inducing oxidative stress and altering metabolite production. Despite these challenges, MAPs exhibit remarkable physiological, biochemical, and molecular adaptive mechanisms, such as osmotic adjustment, ion homeostasis, antioxidant defenses, and regulation of stress-responsive genes. This chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of the effects of salinity on MAPs, highlighting changes in growth metrics, photosynthesis, and secondary metabolite production. It delves into molecular mechanisms that enable salt tolerance, such as the SOS pathway, ion transporters, and transcription factors. Furthermore, the chapter explores strategies to enhance salt resilience in MAPs, including the use of plant growth regulators, beneficial microorganisms, genetic engineering, and agronomic practices like mulching and silicon supplementation. The integration of advanced biotechnological tools, such as CRISPR/Cas9 and omics approaches, is also discussed to optimize salt tolerance and metabolite production. By leveraging these insights, sustainable solutions for MAP cultivation in saline environments can be achieved, ensuring the continued economic and therapeutic significance of these plants.

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Contents V
  3. Part I: Introduction
  4. Chapter 1 The importance of medicinal and aromatic plants for living things 1
  5. Chapter 2 Methods of obtaining drugs from medicinal and aromatic plants 41
  6. Chapter 3 Challenges encountered in growing medicinal and aromatic plants 119
  7. Chapter 4 Medicinal and aromatic plants that are toxic 155
  8. Part II: Effect of stress factors on medicinal and aromatic plants
  9. Chapter 5 Impact of drought stress on the medicinal and aromatic plants’ biochemistry 197
  10. Chapter 6 Impact of salinity stress on medicinal and aromatic plant biotechnology 229
  11. Chapter 7 Impact of heavy metal on the medicinal and aromatic plants’ biochemistry 265
  12. Chapter 8 Metabolic and hormonal responses of medicinal and aromatic plants to abiotic stress 299
  13. Part III: Pharmaceutical use of medicinal plants
  14. Chapter 9 Medicinal and aromatic plants used in burn treatment 327
  15. Chapter 10 Medicinal and aromatic plants used in respiratory diseases 363
  16. Chapter 11 Medicinal and aromatic plants with antioxidant properties 385
  17. Chapter 12 Medicinal and aromatic plants with antibacterial properties 417
  18. Part IV: Uses of medicinal and aromatic plants in other areas
  19. Chapter 13 Medicinal and aromatic plants used in cosmetics 457
  20. Chapter 14 Edible medicinal and aromatic plants 491
  21. Chapter 15 The mysteries of Moroccan nature: aromatic plants and their therapeutic medicinal properties 513
  22. Chapter 16 The use of medicinal and aromatic plants in aromatherapy 547
  23. Chapter 17 Medicinal and aromatic plants with antioxidant properties 581
  24. Chapter 18 Medicinal and aromatic plants with anti-parasitic properties 611
  25. Chapter 19 Medicinal and aromatic plants used in personal care products 651
  26. Chapter 20 Genotoxic effects of medicinal and aromatic plants 681
  27. Chapter 21 Applicability of start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphism markers in determining genetic diversity in medicinal and aromatic plants 707
  28. Index 743
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111469713-006

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Contents V
  3. Part I: Introduction
  4. Chapter 1 The importance of medicinal and aromatic plants for living things 1
  5. Chapter 2 Methods of obtaining drugs from medicinal and aromatic plants 41
  6. Chapter 3 Challenges encountered in growing medicinal and aromatic plants 119
  7. Chapter 4 Medicinal and aromatic plants that are toxic 155
  8. Part II: Effect of stress factors on medicinal and aromatic plants
  9. Chapter 5 Impact of drought stress on the medicinal and aromatic plants’ biochemistry 197
  10. Chapter 6 Impact of salinity stress on medicinal and aromatic plant biotechnology 229
  11. Chapter 7 Impact of heavy metal on the medicinal and aromatic plants’ biochemistry 265
  12. Chapter 8 Metabolic and hormonal responses of medicinal and aromatic plants to abiotic stress 299
  13. Part III: Pharmaceutical use of medicinal plants
  14. Chapter 9 Medicinal and aromatic plants used in burn treatment 327
  15. Chapter 10 Medicinal and aromatic plants used in respiratory diseases 363
  16. Chapter 11 Medicinal and aromatic plants with antioxidant properties 385
  17. Chapter 12 Medicinal and aromatic plants with antibacterial properties 417
  18. Part IV: Uses of medicinal and aromatic plants in other areas
  19. Chapter 13 Medicinal and aromatic plants used in cosmetics 457
  20. Chapter 14 Edible medicinal and aromatic plants 491
  21. Chapter 15 The mysteries of Moroccan nature: aromatic plants and their therapeutic medicinal properties 513
  22. Chapter 16 The use of medicinal and aromatic plants in aromatherapy 547
  23. Chapter 17 Medicinal and aromatic plants with antioxidant properties 581
  24. Chapter 18 Medicinal and aromatic plants with anti-parasitic properties 611
  25. Chapter 19 Medicinal and aromatic plants used in personal care products 651
  26. Chapter 20 Genotoxic effects of medicinal and aromatic plants 681
  27. Chapter 21 Applicability of start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphism markers in determining genetic diversity in medicinal and aromatic plants 707
  28. Index 743
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Heruntergeladen am 23.11.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783111469713-006/html
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