2 The Challenges of Poverty When Starting a Business
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Michael H. Morris
Abstract
People who experience generational poverty encounter a unique set of obstacles when attempting to start and grow a business. Based on the multi-faceted nature of poverty, the author identifies four distinct challenges that the poverty entrepreneur must overcome: literacy gaps, a scarcity mindset, intense nonbusiness pressures, and lack of a safety net. Labeled as the liabilities of poorness, these challenges are in addition to the liabilities of newness and smallness confronted by all entrepreneurs. It is argued that the collective impact of the four liabilities of poorness has profound implications for the nature of the ventures created by the poor, how these entrepreneurs recognize opportunities and approach decision-making, and the performance and sustainability of these businesses. The author concludes that the potential of entrepreneurship as a poverty alleviation tool is tied to intervention approaches that explicitly address the liabilities of poorness.
Abstract
People who experience generational poverty encounter a unique set of obstacles when attempting to start and grow a business. Based on the multi-faceted nature of poverty, the author identifies four distinct challenges that the poverty entrepreneur must overcome: literacy gaps, a scarcity mindset, intense nonbusiness pressures, and lack of a safety net. Labeled as the liabilities of poorness, these challenges are in addition to the liabilities of newness and smallness confronted by all entrepreneurs. It is argued that the collective impact of the four liabilities of poorness has profound implications for the nature of the ventures created by the poor, how these entrepreneurs recognize opportunities and approach decision-making, and the performance and sustainability of these businesses. The author concludes that the potential of entrepreneurship as a poverty alleviation tool is tied to intervention approaches that explicitly address the liabilities of poorness.
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter I
- De Gruyter Handbooks in Business, Economics and Finance V
- Contents VII
- List of Contributors XI
- Preface XXI
-
Part 1: Understanding the Poverty and Entrepreneurship Interface
- 1 Toward a New Paradigm for Poverty Entrepreneurship 1
- 2 The Challenges of Poverty When Starting a Business 25
- 3 Opportunity Recognition Through the Lens of Poverty 43
- 4 Theoretical Frameworks for Research on Poverty and Entrepreneurship: A Review and Agenda for Future Research 61
-
Part 2: Contextual Variables Affecting Poverty and Entrepreneurship
- 5 The Informal Economy and Poverty in Developing and Emerging Economies: Outlining a Process of Semi-formalization to Support Development 111
- 6 Understanding Entrepreneurship and the Informal Sector 135
- 7 Business Formalization, Government Program Participation, and Civic Engagement: Evidence from West Java, Indonesia 157
- 8 Entrepreneurship and Poverty: A Comparative Institutional Perspective 183
- 9 Ecosystems and the Poverty Entrepreneur 207
- 10 It Takes a Village: Towards Entrepreneurial Ecosystems Dedicated to the Poor 229
- 11 Child Entrepreneurs in Bangladesh: The Role of the Poor Family in Initiating Businesses 253
- 12 From Surviving to Thriving: The Multiplier Effect of Women’s Entrepreneurship in Emerging Markets 269
- 13 The Impact of Poverty, Disadvantages, and Entrepreneurship Among Refugee Women Entrepreneurs in Glasgow- Scotland 295
- 14 Beyond the Narrative: Exploring the Myths of Race, Poverty, and Entrepreneurship 331
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Part 3: Mechanisms to Facilitate Sustainable Entrepreneurship
- 15 The Psychology of Poverty-Based Entrepreneurs: Faith-Community Involvement, Status Hierarchies, and Venture Flourishing 357
- 16 Faith and Entrepreneurial Decision- Making: Case Experiences with People in Poverty Circumstances 381
- 17 Poor Entrepreneurs’ Strategies to Overcome Resource Constraints 403
- 18 Entrepreneurial Hustle and the Poverty Entrepreneur: Uncovering Alternative Means to Achieve Success 429
- 19 Microfinance for Poverty Entrepreneurs: Addressing Gender-Based Violence for Business Success 445
- 20 Alternative Funding Mechanisms for Low-Income Entrepreneurs in Sub-Saharan Africa 465
- 21 Microfranchising and the Poor 493
- 22 Patterns, Process, and Socioeconomic Impacts of Smallholders’ Agro-machinery- Based Entrepreneurship in Bangladesh 513
- 23 Marketing Practices and the Entrepreneurial Success of Women in Côte d’Ivoire: The Role of Cultural Systems 533
- 24 The Cooperative Enterprise and Poverty Reduction in Africa 553
- 25 Approaches to Mentoring When Supporting Poverty Entrepreneurs 577
-
Part 4: Priorities for Advancing the Poverty and Entrepreneurship Interface
- 26 Critical Perspectives on Research Priorities at the Poverty and Entrepreneurship Interface 607
- 27 Fostering Poverty Entrepreneurship: A Review of Key Policy Needs and Approaches in the United States 619
- 28 Overcoming Adversity: Priorities of Disadvantaged Entrepreneurs Participating in a Holistic Community Intervention Program 643
- 29 Priorities When Attempting to Scale a Poverty Intervention Program 667
- List of Figures 691
- List of Tables 693
- About the Editors 695
- Index 697
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter I
- De Gruyter Handbooks in Business, Economics and Finance V
- Contents VII
- List of Contributors XI
- Preface XXI
-
Part 1: Understanding the Poverty and Entrepreneurship Interface
- 1 Toward a New Paradigm for Poverty Entrepreneurship 1
- 2 The Challenges of Poverty When Starting a Business 25
- 3 Opportunity Recognition Through the Lens of Poverty 43
- 4 Theoretical Frameworks for Research on Poverty and Entrepreneurship: A Review and Agenda for Future Research 61
-
Part 2: Contextual Variables Affecting Poverty and Entrepreneurship
- 5 The Informal Economy and Poverty in Developing and Emerging Economies: Outlining a Process of Semi-formalization to Support Development 111
- 6 Understanding Entrepreneurship and the Informal Sector 135
- 7 Business Formalization, Government Program Participation, and Civic Engagement: Evidence from West Java, Indonesia 157
- 8 Entrepreneurship and Poverty: A Comparative Institutional Perspective 183
- 9 Ecosystems and the Poverty Entrepreneur 207
- 10 It Takes a Village: Towards Entrepreneurial Ecosystems Dedicated to the Poor 229
- 11 Child Entrepreneurs in Bangladesh: The Role of the Poor Family in Initiating Businesses 253
- 12 From Surviving to Thriving: The Multiplier Effect of Women’s Entrepreneurship in Emerging Markets 269
- 13 The Impact of Poverty, Disadvantages, and Entrepreneurship Among Refugee Women Entrepreneurs in Glasgow- Scotland 295
- 14 Beyond the Narrative: Exploring the Myths of Race, Poverty, and Entrepreneurship 331
-
Part 3: Mechanisms to Facilitate Sustainable Entrepreneurship
- 15 The Psychology of Poverty-Based Entrepreneurs: Faith-Community Involvement, Status Hierarchies, and Venture Flourishing 357
- 16 Faith and Entrepreneurial Decision- Making: Case Experiences with People in Poverty Circumstances 381
- 17 Poor Entrepreneurs’ Strategies to Overcome Resource Constraints 403
- 18 Entrepreneurial Hustle and the Poverty Entrepreneur: Uncovering Alternative Means to Achieve Success 429
- 19 Microfinance for Poverty Entrepreneurs: Addressing Gender-Based Violence for Business Success 445
- 20 Alternative Funding Mechanisms for Low-Income Entrepreneurs in Sub-Saharan Africa 465
- 21 Microfranchising and the Poor 493
- 22 Patterns, Process, and Socioeconomic Impacts of Smallholders’ Agro-machinery- Based Entrepreneurship in Bangladesh 513
- 23 Marketing Practices and the Entrepreneurial Success of Women in Côte d’Ivoire: The Role of Cultural Systems 533
- 24 The Cooperative Enterprise and Poverty Reduction in Africa 553
- 25 Approaches to Mentoring When Supporting Poverty Entrepreneurs 577
-
Part 4: Priorities for Advancing the Poverty and Entrepreneurship Interface
- 26 Critical Perspectives on Research Priorities at the Poverty and Entrepreneurship Interface 607
- 27 Fostering Poverty Entrepreneurship: A Review of Key Policy Needs and Approaches in the United States 619
- 28 Overcoming Adversity: Priorities of Disadvantaged Entrepreneurs Participating in a Holistic Community Intervention Program 643
- 29 Priorities When Attempting to Scale a Poverty Intervention Program 667
- List of Figures 691
- List of Tables 693
- About the Editors 695
- Index 697