Volume 58, Issue 1

Generalized de Broglie-Bargmann-Wigner (BBW) equations are relativistically invariant quantum mechanical many body equations with nontrivial interaction, selfregularization and probability interpretation. Owing to these properties these equations are a suitable means for describing relativistic bound states of fermions. In accordance with de Broglie’s fusion theory and modern assumptions about the partonic substructure of elementary fermions, i.e., leptons and quarks, the three-body generalized BBW-equations are investigated. The transformation properties and quantum numbers of the three-parton equations under the relevant group actions are elaborated in detail. Section 3 deals with the action of the isospin group SU(2), a U(1) global gauge group for the fermion number, the hypercharge and charge generators. The resulting quantum numbers of the composite partonic systems can be adapted to those of the phenomenological particles to be described. The space-time transformations and in particular rotations generated by angular momentum operators are considered in Section 4. Based on the compatibility of the BBW-equations and the group theoretical constraints, in Sect. 5 integral equations are formulated in a representation with diagonal energy and total angular momentum variables. The paper provides new insight into the solution space and quantum labels of resulting integral equations for three parton states and prepares the ground for representing leptons and quarks as composite systems.

The relativistic equations of motion for the restricted three-body problem are derived in the first post-Newtonian approximation. These equations are integrated numerically for seven different trajectories in the earth-moon orbital system. Four of the trajectories are determined to be chaotic and three are not chaotic. Each post-Newtonian trajectory is compared to its Newtonian counterpart. It is found that the difference between Newtonian and post-Newtonian trajectories for the restricted three-body problem is greater for chaotic trajectories than it is for trajectories that are not chaotic. Finally, the possibility of using this Chaotic Amplification Effect as a novel test of general relativity is discussed.

1 Two-component films of 4-octyl-4’-cyanobiphenyl (8CB) and a nonamphiphilic azo dye on an airwater interface have been studied by means of surface pressure-area (π-A) isotherm measurement, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM), and absorption spectroscopy. Conventional Langmuir technique was used to form /8CB (guest-host) films during compression and expansion of an area occupied by the molecules. The pure dye, spread on the air-water interface, formed irregular three-dimensional structures (3D), visible by the naked eye. In 1 /8CB films the dye was distributed homogeneously only at low mole fraction. At mole fractions higher than 0.3, just after spreading the 1 /8CB solution at the interface part of 1 formed 3D structures. On the basis of π-A isotherm, information about the miscibility of the two components in the 1 /8CB mixtures was obtained by using the area additivity criterion and surface phase rule. BAM images allowed to draw conclusions on the molecular organization of mixed Langmuir films at the air-water interface. The presence of 1 , roughly up to a mole fraction of 0.5, causes the mixed film to be less compressible and more thermodynamically stable (with higher collapse surface pressure). The absorption spectra of the films of 1 /8CB mixtures revealed the formation of dye aggregates.

We demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally that the two-pulse sequence (2 n +1)· 90ᵒ Y - 90ᵒ X -Acq(t )without delay between the pulses yields the reverse of the time evolution of spin systems with quadrupole interactions. This process results in refocusing of the spin magnetization into a magic echo at t e = t 1/ 2 after the second pulse, where t 1 is the length of the first pulse. 33.25.+k; 76.20.+q; 76.60.-k; 76.60.Lz

Mean amplitudes of vibration of the halogen molecules F 2 , Cl 2 , Br 2 , and I 2 have been calculated from known spectroscopic data in the temperature range between 0 and 1000 K. The results are briefly discussed, and some comparisons with the results of the related diatomic interhalogen molecules, as well as with experimental values obtained by electron diffraction experiments, are made.

Based on a modified extended tanh-function method and symbolic computation, new exact solutions are found for a soliton breaking equation and coupled kdv system. The obtained solutions include rational, soliton, singular and periodical solutions.

The photophysical properties of polymer-dispersed liquid crystal systems, containing naphthalimide dye as fluorescent units are reported. Investigations have been carried out on some 1,8- naphtalimide derivatives both in isotropic and anisotropic media, and their photophysal properties have been described. The orientational order parameters of the dyes in nematic liquid crystal ZLI 1840 have been determined. The photostability of the dye/liquid crystal systems has been investigated and the effect that the substituents in the naphthalimide structure have upon the orientation of the dye was discussed.

In an effort to introduce N-chloroarylsulphonamides of different oxydising strengths, sixteen sodium salts of N-chloro-mono- and di-substituted benzenesulphonamides of the configuration, 4- X-C 6 H 4 SO 2 NaNCl (where X = H; CH 3 ; C 2 H 5 ; F; Cl; Br; I or NO 2 ) and i-X, j-YC 6 H 3 SO 2 NaNCl (where i-X, j-Y = 2,3-(CH 3 ) 2 ; 2,4-(CH 3 ) 2 ; 2,5-(CH 3 ) 2 ; 2-CH 3 ,4-Cl; 2-CH 3 ,5-Cl; 3-CH 3 ,4-Cl; 2,4- Cl 2 or 3,4-Cl 2 ) are prepared, characterized through their infrared spectra in the solid state and NMR spectra in solution. The υ N-Cl frequencies vary in the range 950 - 927 cm −1 . Effects of substitution in the benzene ring in terms of electron donating and electron withdrawing groups have been considered, and conclusions drawn. The chemical shifts of aromatic protons and carbon-13 in all the N-chloroarylsulphonamides have been calculated by adding substituent contributions to the shift of benzene. Considering the approximation employed the agreement between the calculated and experimental chemical shift values for different protons or carbon-13 is quite good. Effects of phenyl ring substitution on chemical shift values of both 1 H and 13 C are also graphically represented in terms of line diagrams.

The present study deals with the obtaining of solid cerium by molten salt electrolysis of a 46.74 - 48.26 - 5wt% LiF-NaF-NaCeF 4 mixture, in the temperature range 700 - 730 °C and with a current efficiency of ~ 75%. For this purpose NaCeF 4 was obtained, characterized and it’s cubic form was identified. The solubility and decomposition potential of this compound in the molten electrolyte 49.2 - 50.8% LiF-NaF was also studied.

Notable changes in the molecular conformations of 4-chlorobenzyl alcohol around the C(H 2 )-C ar and O-C(H 2 ) bonds were found to take place at the first-order phase transition point (T c1 = 236 K). Quite similar phenomena were observed at T c1 (217 K) of the isomorphic 4-bromo compound. The two kinds of conformational changes are considered to couple and cause the reversal of the direction of the linear O-H. . . O hydrogen bond as the compound undergoes the first-order transition. The CH 2 OH moiety participates in several short intermolecular contacts, and a C-H. . .π interaction exists between the CH 2 and the neighboring phenyl group. These intermolecular factors seem to contribute to the regulation of the molecular conformation in the crystal. The C-O bond length of each compound shortens considerably at T > T c1 .

In this study, the static and dynamic electronic polarizability of benzonitrile is reported. This property was determined using refraction index measurements of neat benzonitrile and CCl 4 , THF, C 6 H 12 and CH 3 CN diluted solutions. The real refractive index of pure benzonitrile was obtained by refractometry, FTIR transmission spectroscopy and Kramers-Kr¨onig transform. These results indicate that the vibrational contribution to the visible refraction is very small, and the electronic polarizabilities calculated with these values agree with reported values. In binary mixtures, the polarizability of benzonitrile was obtained with the refractometric method proposed by Singer and Garito at five frequencies to obtain the dispersion curve. The local field effects were tested within the Onsager and Lorentz local field approach. The static properties in each solvent was obtained by extrapolation of the Cauchy-type dispersion curve to zero frequency, which gave a monotonic increased as a function of the squared frequency. The polarizabilities obtained in this work agree well with theoretical and experimental data, reported by other authors. The static and dynamic electronic polarizability of benzonitrile was found to be little affected by the dielectric nature of the solvent, and the electric deformability is similar to that of the benzene molecule. The effect of the replacement of the C-H group by N in 4-cyano-pyridine and benzonitrile molecules is discussed.

Four sets of nonlinear evolution equations which are viewed as generalizations of K(n,m) (n = m + 1,m + 2) models, are introduced. It is shown that these equations, together with the K(n,m) (n = m + 1,m + 2) models, arise naturally from motions of curves in several geometries, and they are Painlev´e integrable. Other gauge equivalent integrable equations are obtained by use of the equivalence between integrable equations for the curvature and graph of the curves. In particular, we obtain the generalized WKI equation and its one-loop soliton solutions.