Volume 42, Issue 3

The model is defined by a selfregularizing nonlinear preon field equation and all observable (elementary and non-elementary) particles are assumed to be bound (quantum) states of the fermionic preon fields. In particular electroweak gauge bosons are two-particle composites, leptons and quarks are three-particle composites, and gluons are six-particle composites. Electroweak gauge bosons, leptons and quarks and their effective interactions etc. were studied in preceding papers. In this paper gluons and their effective dynamics are discussed. Due to the complications of a six-particle bound state dynamics the formation of gluons is performed in two steps: First the effective dynamics of three-particle composites (quarks) is derived, and secondly gluons are fusioned from two quarks respectively. The resulting effective gluon dynamics is a non-abelian SU(3) dynamics, i.e. this local gauge dynamics is produced by the properties of the composites and need not be introduced in the original preon field equation. Mathematically these results are achieved by the application of functional quantum theory to the model under consideration and subsequent evaluation of weak mapping procedures, both introduced in preceding papers. PACS 11.10 Field theory. PACS 12.10 Unified field theories and models. PACS 12.35 Composite models of particles.

In this paper we report on dynamical properties of a 2.2 molal aqueous KCl solution as obtained from an 8.7 ps MD simulation at an average temperature of 289 K. Velocity autocorrelation functions, self-diffusion coefficients and spectral densities of the hindered translational and librational motions of the ions and the water molecules assigned to three subsystems - hydration water of the cations, hydration water of the anions and bulk water - are discussed.

Solution of the Kirkwood-Smoluchowski equation for a hard sphere fluid yields an expression for the viscosity which shows a dramatic pretransitional increase and a divergence at a number density close to that one observed in computer simulations and in colloidal dispersions. The value for the transition density stems from a boundary condition at the surface of the hard sphere in the configurational relative pair-space and makes use of the density dependence of the pair-correlation function and of its derivative at the point of contact.

We propose a bound on the mass of every state preparable in particle physics. Thus a realistic cutoff can be permitted although it implies an indefinite metric.

We propose a way of connecting the masses of all those particles which couple to the “electroweak” Higgs scalar. Up to radiative corrections to be given later, we expect m t = 81 GeV and m H = 66 GeV. Our realistic (but flexible) cutoff is explained as far as needed.

Infrared spectra of NNO and OCS have been studied in a supersonic free jet by using a diodelaser spectrometer. The sample gas of the molecules of 1 bar pressure was injected into a vacuum chamber (p ≈ 10 −5 mbar) through a nozzle with a magnetic valve. The molecular beam was pulsed ( ≈ 82 Hz) by controlling the magnetic valve. Near the nozzle and for low values of the quantum number J the rotational temperature was determined to range between 29 and 3 K. For NNO we have observed the unusual line shapes in detail. They are caused by superposition of absorption signals of molecules in the jet and the background.

The temperature dependence of the 1 H second moment and the T 1 and T 1ϱ spin-lattice relaxation times obtained for polycrystalline tetrabutylammonium iodide are interpreted in terms of the C 3 methyl group reorientation appearing together with cationic tumbling for which the activation parameters have been determined. IR spectra point to the existence of weak C - H . . . I hydrogen bonds. A structural phase transition evidenced at about 386 K is found to be related to the onset of cationic self-diffusion.

Fe 3+ may serve as a substitutional spin probe to characterize the two different Ga sites in CdGa 2 Se 4 . Unusually high tilting angles are found for the Fe 3+ centers and indicate the limits for applying the spin probe technique.

Numerical evidence is presented that perturbations away from analyticity change the qualitative structure of the Mandelbrot set. The changes affect both the form and the surface structure. Most characteristically, the infinitely thin “necks” disappear. At at least one place, the surface structure becomes smooth.

The infrared fundamental of pure CO is measured at supercritical temperatures between 298 K and 450 K up to a maximum pressure of 267 bar. The experimental IR bandshapes are adequately represented by summing up over the individual lines of the gaseous rotation-vibration spectrum assuming half-widths to be proportional to density. The molar integrated absorptivity is found to be independent of temperature and density which enables direct and precise measurements of CO concentrations in fluid phase equilibria and reactions.

An NMR sample tube was loaded with graphitized carbon black (Graphon) as well as a ten adsorbed layers equivalent of benzene-d 6 , and subsequently sealed. The 2 H NMR spectra obtained at 298, 170 and 90 K yield the following picture: The multilayer phase with liquid like properties established at 298 K is decomposed at the lower temperatures into a bulk (3D) crystalline phase and an adsorbed phase of, probably, monolayer thickness which can be characterized to exist in the two dimensional (2D) fluid and solid states at 170 and 90 K, respectively.

127 I solid state NMR studies revealed second order quadrupole effects in (C 2 H 5 ) 4 SbIO 4 with anomalous positive temperature coefficients of the quadrupole coupling constants. This anomaly is caused by a continuous change of the axes of the electric field gradient tensor.

Mesogenic chiral esters of optically active (S)-1,2-propanediol and (R,R)-2,3-butanediol were synthesized. The compounds, added to a nematic phase induce cholesteric phases exhibiting a helix inversion with temperature variation. This effect is independent of the molecular structure of the nematic solvent. The inversion temperature varies only slightly with concentration but can be influenced by the mesogenic substituent.

The charge-transfer (CT) complexes of some N-arylcarbamates as donors with a number of π-acceptors have been studied spectrophotometrically. The Lewis basicities of the N-arylcarbamates as well as the types of interactions are discussed. The 1 H-NMR spectra of some CT complexes with both 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ) and 7,7,8,8 tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) indicate a decrease of the electron density on the donor part of the complex.

The photophysical characteristics of some 4(5)-amino-2-aryl- and 4(5)-amino-2-aryl-2-carboxymethyl-1,3-indandiones have been studied in solvents of different polarity at room temperature and at 77 °K. In contrast to the 2-arylindan-1,3-diones unsubstituted in the phthaloyl fragment, the compounds investigated are photostable and fluoresce in the region 25 000− 18 000 cm −1 with fluorescence quantum yields between 0.1 and 0.5.

The PE spectra of eight 1,3-diphenyl-2-pyrazolines and a 1,3-diphenyl-tetrahydro-1,2-diazine are reported. The low energy of the first E i of this class of compounds as well as the effect of electron donor or acceptor substituent in the para positions of any of the phenyl groups are discussed on the basis of a simple MO model.

MINDO-force calculations have been performed on phenyl and cyclopropyl substituted allyl cations and anions with complete energy minimization. It is found that the phenyl ring destabilizes the allyl cations when substituted at the terminal and at the center carbon atom of the cation, while the cyclopropyl ring stabilizes the allyl cation when substituted at the terminal carbon atoms, but destabilizes the cation when substituted at the center carbon atom of the cation. These results agree with the experimental ones. In the case of the allyl anions, it is found that the phenyl ring destabilizes the allyl anions when substituted on the terminal and on the center carbon atoms of the allyl anions, while the cyclopropyl ring stabilizes the allyl anion when substituted on the terminal carbon atom but destabilizes the anion when substituted on the center carbon atom. Also, it is found that both the phenyl and cyclopropyl rings are electron withdrawing when substituted on the allyl anions, while they are electron donating when substituted on the allyl cations.

The 14 N electric field gradient tensors of [N(CH 3 ) 4 ] 2 ZnCl 4 have been re-determined in the paraelectric phase at 26 °C and in the incommensurate phase at 16 °C. The results in the incommensurate phase show the “non-local” nature of the 14 N EFG tensor interaction.

Vibrational Properties and Thermodynamic Functions of Mn 2 O 7 The main force constants for Mn 2 O 7 have been calculated from recently reported infrared data, using a simplified molecular model. Mean amplitudes of vibration and thermodynamic functions are also reported. The results are briefly discussed and some comparisons with related species are made.

The symmetric coupling of two one-dimensional logistic maps displays different types of symmetric and asymmetric attractors on its route to chaos. Coexisting attractors possess basins in the phase space with Julia-like boundaries. Even classical fractal boundaries occur, when the basins of the coupled map with complex variables are explored. The self-similar features of the objects obtain particular fascination by their symmetries dependent on the map.

Selfsimilarity as an intrinsic symmetry of complex dynamical systems is demonstrated using several iteration procedures e.g. time-iteration of discrete maps as well as iterations in space leading to péano curves.

Dedicated to Prof. Ernst Bayer on the occasion of his 60th birthday An analyticity-destroying term is introduced into the complex logistic map. Two types of selfsimilar basin boundaries are found, one a “coastline-type” direct analogue to Julia's, the other a locally smooth boundary that nevertheless is more complicated than the well-known “striated” fractal basin boundaries of Grebogi et al.

Nonlinear current transport behavior during avalanche breakdown of germanium comprises the spontaneous symmetry-breaking evocation of both spatially inhomogeneous and temporally unstable dissipative structures in the formerly homogeneous semiconductor. Such kind of nonequilibrium order-disorder transitions are discussed in terms of two simple models based on the new circle-map formalism of universal scaling behavior and the well-known Rashevsky- Turing theory of morphogenesis.