Volume 45, Issue 1

Coordination compounds are molecules that contain one or more metal centers bound to ligands. Ligands can be atoms, ions, or molecules that transfer electrons to the metal. These compounds can be charged or neutral. When charged, neighboring counter-ions help stabilize the complex. The metal ion is located at the center of a complex ion, surrounded by other molecules or ions known as ligands. Ligands can be thought of as covalently bonded to the core ion through coordination. Understanding coordination theory in chemistry provides insight into the geometric shape of complexes and the structure of coordination compounds, which consist of a central atom or molecule connected to surrounding atoms or compounds. Inorganic coordination compounds exhibit different properties and are used in synthesizing organic molecules. The coordination of chemicals is vital for the survival of living organisms. Metal complexes are also essential for various biological processes, with many enzymes, known as metalloenzymes, being composed of metal complexes. These metal complexes occur naturally.

The textile industry contributes significantly to the expansion of the world economy, however, it is also notorious for producing large amounts of trash and harming the environment. Effective waste management techniques depend on having a thorough understanding of the forms and makeup of waste from the textile sector. The objective of this paper is to study effluent wastewater technologies to efficiently treat and control the wastewater produced during textile production operations. It is well known that the textile industry generates vast amounts of wastewater, some of which may be contaminated with heavy metals, chemicals, dyes, and organic compounds. This effluent can have serious negative effects on the environment if it is not adequately treated, including contaminating soil and water sources, removing aquatic life, and possibly endangering human health. Due to the inclusion of dyes, heavy metals, and other chemicals, the discharge of untreated or improperly treated effluent from textile processes leads to water contamination. Textile waste can leak hazardous compounds into the environment and contaminate the soil, both of which have an impact on air quality. The environmental impact of the textile industry is further exacerbated by the energy and resource use involved in production. At several points in the textile supply chain, waste is generated. Fibre trimmings, fly waste, and yarn waste are produced during the fibre production, spinning, and weaving operations. There are numerous ways and technologies for treating wastewater, including advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), biological treatment systems, and membrane-based technologies. The formation of eco-friendly materials and advancements in recycling technology help to make the textile industry more closed-loop and sustainable. In conclusion, managing waste from the textile sector is a significant environmental concern that calls for creative solutions and environmentally friendly procedures.

The adsorption of potentially toxic element ions from contaminated water sources has garnered significant attention due to its critical role in environmental remediation and ensuring safe drinking water. Potentially toxic element ions can be removed from water using conventional adsorbents such as activated zeolites; however, these materials have low absorption and slow kinetics. To solve these issues, carbon-based adsorbents that exhibit easy synthesis, high porosity, designability, and stability have been proposed. In this study, a carbon-based adsorbent, named Magnetic Nitrogen-Doped Carbon (M-NC), and graphene oxide were developed for the selective removal of potentially toxic element ions. To increase the potential for HM immobilization, sulfide-modified biochar was created via a process called simultaneous carbon layer encapsulation. A theoretical physicochemical and thermodynamic investigation of the adsorption of potentially toxic elements s Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ , Ni 2+ , Ag 2+ , Pb 2+ and Cu 2+ on carbon-based adsorbents was performed with statistical physics fundaments. The biochar with large surface areas is used to remove potentially toxic element ions, one of the most important potentially toxic element pollutants, from aqueous solutions. The capacity of the adsorbent for removing potentially toxic element ions was studied using Langmuir adsorption isotherm under ultrasound-assisted conditions. The MNCs can be applied to the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetics. It is possible to use the Langmuir and second-order kinetic equations to accurately explain the adsorption method. Thermodynamic limitations were also envisioned because sorption is exothermic when it happens spontaneously. A homogeneous statistical physics adsorption model was used to describe and analyze the experimental potentially toxic element removal isotherms at 30 °C and pH 5 utilizing adsorbents produced by pyrolysis of biomasses (broccoli stalks). The findings show the proposed adsorbent, with an efficiency of 98.7 % and even reaching 99.3 % in certain cases, making it a standout choice for potentially toxic element removal applications. This research holds significance in advancing the understanding of environmentally sustainable potentially toxic element removal processes, particularly in the context of biomass-derived adsorbents, offering potential solutions for water purification and environmental remediation.

The utilization of phosphors in lighting and display applications has garnered significant attention due to their unique luminescent properties and versatile crystal structures. This review article comprehensively examines recent advances in the synthesis, characterization, and applications of nitride and sulfide phosphors. This article addresses various phosphor crystal structures, including perovskite, garnet, nitride sulfide, fabrications strategies, and their impact on the optical and electronic properties. Furthermore, the review highlights the role of doping and activator ions in tailoring the emission characteristics of nitride and sulfide phosphors, enabling precise control over color rendering and efficiency. Additionally, the article also discusses emerging trends in phosphor technology, such as the development of novel synthesis methods and the integration of phosphors into next-generation lighting and display devices. The basic properties of phosphor materials like CRI, CIE chromaticity coordinates, quantum efficiencies are well discussed. Overall, this article provides valuable insights into the current state of research and future directions in the field of phosphors offering potential avenues for further advancements in lighting and display technologies.

Today world is looking for a cheap, environment friendly and efficient substitute of fossil fuel. Because due to large consumption of the fossil fuels on daily basis in whole world, emission of hazardous gases have produced lethal effects on human being. In this scenario hydrogen energy has emerged in form of clean, renewable and more efficient energy. Now the key challenge is that efficient production of the green hydrogen at commercial scale to meet demand of hydrogen. The electrolysis of water is the best pathway to achieve efficient hydrogen production. For this purpose the synthesis and improvement of low cast, active as well as stable catalysts or electrolysis is prerequisite for hydrogen production by electro-catalytic method for splitting of water. Main focus of this review is that, how we can perform the electrolysis of water by various techniques using novel methods especially electro-catalysts in term of activity, efficiency, large surface area, porosity, and stability. This will be performed by the method of two-half cell reaction one is the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) other one Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER), where reaction proceeded in both medium acidic as well as alkaline phases. Particular attention is given to produce green clean hydrogen production from usable water and its physical and chemical storages for further uses for the support of human sustainability. Basically the recent strategy is to prepare, design and development of nanoscale materials/composite with non-noble metals and with also nanostructured with noble-metals will be discussed in this approach. The increased efficiency and utility have been the focal points of the use of diverse materials from different classes. To increase the electro-catalytic efficiency in OER and HER, we will discuss about new analyses methods and insights into studying the chemical compositions, shapes, surface area, porosity, and synergy of catalysts and the active sites of nanostructured electro-catalysts. This review will further provide the picture of current state of developments as well as recent progress for mechanized efficient production of clean hydrogen (i.e., HER) from water by electrocatalytic method using various nanoscale materials in a broad scale.

Enticed by the present scenario of infectious diseases, four new Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II) complexes of Schiff base ligand were synthesized from 6,6′-((1E-1′E)(phenazine-2,3-dielbis(azanylidene)-bis-(methanylidene)-bis-(3-(diethylamino)phenol)) ( H 2 L ) to ascertain as effective drug for antituberculosis, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. The organic ligand and its metal(II) complexes were characterized by numerous physical and spectroscopic methods, which showed that the complexes have a general formula, [ ML ], (where M = Co(II) ( C1 ), Ni(II) ( C2 ), Cu(II) ( C3 ) and Cd(II) ( C4 )), for metal complexes have been proposed and have a square planar geometry, are amorphous in nature, and are thermally stable. Data highlight obtained from activity testing against tuberculosis, inflammation, and oxidants that all compounds are significantly active against these symptoms. Also, was to evaluate the effectiveness of various compounds against bacterial and fungal strains. Specifically, four bacterial strains ( Bacillus subtilis , Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ) and two fungal strains ( Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans ) were tested and compared to the results of some standard drugs. The results revealed that compound C4 was more effective against bacterial strains than the comparison standard drugs. In addition, C3 was found to be the most effective of the comparison antibiotics against fungi, while the other compounds showed moderate antifungal activity. Moreover, to support the vitro results, certain computational studies as molecular docking studies, DFT, MESP, and AMEDT were also conducted to confirm the effectiveness of an organic ligand and its complexes against tuberculosis. These studies revealed that C4 is the most effective against tuberculosis and has desirable effects such as absorption, no degradation and no hepatotoxicity, etc.

Carbon is one of the most abundant minerals in the universe. The world’s energy needs are being unmet due to the exponential rise in population. Since its inception 20 years ago, carbon and its allotropes, including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, have been marketed as potential energy storage and generation materials. By solving important issues like accumulation and inadequate thermodynamic compatibility, carbon fiber, expanded graphite, and carbon nanotubes are promising functional materials that can be used to improve the performance of bipolar plates further. There are several potential uses for carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNMs) in the energy area. This mini-review provides an overview of the synthetic routes employed for producing CBNMs, categorizing them based on their types, elucidating their diverse applications in fuel energy systems, and emphasising the uses of CBNMs in energy. The advantages and disadvantages of several synthetic processes have been examined and compared. The types of CBNMs, like carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon dots, and fullerenes, are explored in terms of their unique structural properties and fabrication methods. Furthermore, the utilization of CBNMs in fuel energy systems, such as fuel cells, energy storage devices, and catalysis, is comprehensively reviewed.

A great deal of attention has been pressed to the hazards caused by the remains of antibiotics in the environment. Fluorescent sensing materials are favored for their rapid qualitative and quantitative detection of antibiotics, with carbon quantum dots (CQDs) being widely used as typical fluorescent materials. CQDs have demonstrated superior performances in conducting antibiotic diagnosis, which makes them a key tool for tackling antibiotic residues. This review article investigates recent advances in CQDs for the assessment and determination of antibiotics residues, involved antibiotic assay components are classified according to the assay mechanism as Static quenching effect (SQE), Dynamic quenching effect (DQE), Internal filtering effect (IFE), and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) quenching mechanisms. We hope to provide valuable guidelines for the preparation of high-quality probes as well as limited detection of antibiotics, so as to promote the advancement of CQDs in the antimicrobial field.

Two-dimensional nanoscale materials (2D NMs) have exceptional physical characteristics, distinctive structures, and customizable surface chemistry. They consist of infinite transverse dimensions of near-atomic thickness or atoms. They promise advancements in catalysis, renewable energy, and sensing. An extensive summary of the most recent research results on the creation and use of 2D NMs is provided in this work. It is possible to modify the characteristics of these multi-layered materials by means of chemical and physical manipulations. Due to their layer-dependent electrical properties, certain 2D layered inorganic nanomaterials such as MoS 2 , WS 2 , and SnS 2 have recently been created and used in a variety of applications, including new sensors. In addition, the article delves into the difficulties confronted by sectors reliant on nanotechnology as well as the potential future uses of nanostructures coupled with electrochemical systems. The article begins by outlining the typical “top-down” and “bottom-up” approaches for synthesizing 2D NMs. These approaches include hydrothermal procedures, ion intercalation, mechanical exfoliation, liquid-phase exfoliation assisted by ultrasonic waves, and chemical vapor deposition. 2D NMs are the focus of this work because of their potential applications in gas sensing, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, photo detection, and electromagnetic wave absorption. In addition, the study predicts patterns of future development and possible issues with 2D NMs based on existing studies. Increased demand for cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and highly connected products is propelling the ongoing research and development of these high-performance materials. This research is significant since it summarizes, in one place, the most recent advances in 2D NM preparation methods and applications.

This review article covers the biogenic synthesis of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) having definite shape and size while using extract obtained from different biological sources such as bacteria, fungi, algae and plants. These biological materials are composed of chloroplast, thylakoid, different types of enzymes extracted from different biogenic sources, different phytochemicals such as phenols, flavonoids, and citric acid having functional groups such as sulfate, carboxyl, amino, amide and hydroxyl groups. These functional groups and enzymes act as efficient reductants to convert metal ions into metal atoms and alternatively metal atoms combine to form MNPs while long hydrocarbon chains present in these bio-macromolecules act as cage to stabilize them for prolong time. Effect of nature of source extract, different reaction conditions such as extract amount, salt amount and solvent used during MNPs preparation process have been critically discussed here in detail. Use of synthesized bioinorganic NPs in various areas including their effectiveness in fighting against bacteria, viruses, fungi, cancer, inflammation, and their potential role in catalytic reduction of environmental harmful substances into friendly products has also been described in a clear and concise manner along with their future consideration.