Volume 40, Issue 4

In this review, the structural parameters of distortion isomers of cis-monomeric Pt(II) coordination complexes with inner coordination spheres: Pt(PL) 2 X 2 (X = OL, NL, SL, Br, I); Pt(PL) 2 (η 2 -X 2 L) (X = O 2 L, N 2 L, S 2 L, OSL, NSL, NSeL); Pt(η 2 -P 2 L)X 2 (X = Br, I); Pt(η 2 -P 2 L)(η 2 -X 2 L) (X = O 2 L, OSL, NSL); Pt(η 2 -P 2 L)(NL)(Cl) and Pt(PL)(η 2 -P,SiL)(H) are analyzed. None of the distortion isomers with cis-configuration has a trans-partner. The distortion isomers differ mostly by the degree of distortion in the Pt-L and L-Pt-L angles. Some of the isomers also differ by crystal packing. The total mean values of Pt-P (monodentate) and Pt-P (bidentate) bond distances are 2.279 Å and 2.244 Å, respectively. The mean value of Pt-P (monodentate) (trans to H¯) of 2.320 Å is the highest one because of higher trans-influence of H¯ over PP 3 . The total mean values of Pt-X (trans to P) elongate quite well with the covalent radius of the X in the sequence: 1.57 Å (X = H) < 2.062 Å (O 2 L) < 2.095 Å (OL) < 2.108 Å (NL) < 2.154 Å (N 2 L) < 2.329 Å (Cl) < 2.342 Å (S 2 L) < 2.347 Å (SL) < 2.480 Å (Br) < 2.616 Å (I).

Nucleation is a fundamental process widely studied in different areas of industry and biology. This review paper comprehensively discussed the principles of classical nucleation theory (primary homogeneous), and heterogeneous nucleation. In the homogeneous part, the nucleation rate in the transient and intransient state is monitored and also heterogeneous nucleation is covered. Finally, conclusions have been deduced from the collected works studied here, and offers for future studies are proposed.

In wake of emerging applications of organotellurium compounds in biological and material science avenues, the current review describes their key synthetic methodologies while focusing the synthesis of organotellurium compounds through five ligand-to-metal linkages including carbon; carbon-oxygen; carbon-nitrogen; carbon-metal; carbon-sulfur to tellurium. In all of these linkages whether tellurium links with ligands through a complicated or simple pathways, it is often governed through electrophilic substitution reactions. The present study encompasses these major synthetic routes so as to acquire comprehensive understanding of synthetic organotellurium compounds.