Volume 12, Issue 5

We present the extension of the Einstein-Maxwell system called electrovac universes by introducing a cosmological constant Λ. In the absence of the Λ term, the crucial equation in solving the Einstein-Maxwell system is the Laplace equation. The cosmological constant modifies this equation to become in a nonlinear partial differential equation which takes the form ΔU =2ΛU 3. We offer special solutions of this equation.

Generation of vorticity in the field of intense sound in a bubbly liquid in the free half-space is considered. The reasons for generation of vorticity are nonlinearity, diffraction, and dispersion. Acoustic streaming differs from that in a Newtonian fluid. Under some conditions, the vortex flow changes its direction. Conclusions concern streaming induced by a harmonic or an impulse Gaussian beam.

This paper examines the thermal self-action of acoustic beams in a Maxwell relaxing fluid. This type of thermal self-action differs from that in a Newtonian fluid and behaves differently depending on a ratio of sound period and time of thermodynamic relaxation. The self-action which relates to sound beams containing shock fronts is also discussed. In addition, stationary and non-stationary types of self-action are considered.

A spherical tensor expansion is carried out to express the resonant inelastic scattering cross-section as a sum of products of fundamental spectra with tensors involving wavevectors and polarization vectors of incident and scattered photons. The expression presented in this paper differs from that of the influential article by Carra et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3700, 1995) because it does not omit interference terms between electric dipole and quadrupole contributions when coupling each photon to itself. Some specific cases of the spherical tensor expansion are discussed. For example the case of isotropic samples is considered and the cross-section is expressed as a combination of only three fundamental spectra for the situation where electric dipole or electric quadrupole transitions in the absorption process are followed by electric dipole transitions in the emission. This situation includes the case of untextured powder samples, which corresponds to the most frequent situation met experimentally. Finally, it is predicted that some circular dichroism may be observed on isotropic samples provided that the circular polarization of the scattered beam can be detected.

Inspired by the forms of delay-Painleve equations, we consider some new differential-discrete systems of KdV, mKdV and Sine-Gordon — type related by simple one way Miura transformations to classical ones. Using Hirota bilinear formalism we construct their new integrable discretizations, some of them having higher order. In particular, by this procedure, we show that the integrable discretization of intermediate sine-Gordon equation is exactly lattice mKdV and also we find a bilinear form of the recently proposed lattice Tzitzeica equation. Also the travelling wave reduction of these new lattice equations is studied and it is shown that all of them, including the higher order ones, can be integrated to Quispel-Roberts-Thomson (QRT) mappings.

In this article we will consider several phenomenological models for the Universe with varying G and Λ(t), where G is the gravitational ”constant” and Λ(t) is a varying cosmological ”constant”. Two-component fluid model are taken into account. An interaction of the phenomenological form between a barotropic fluid and a quintessence DE is supposed. Three different forms of Λ(t) will be considered. The problem is analysed numerically and behavior of different cosmological parameters investigated graphically. Conclusion and discussions are given at the end of the work. In an Appendix information concerning to the other cosmological parameters is presented.

The paper evaluates the contribution of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) phenomenon to the processes of the microwave background (CMB) formation in early universe. We found the additional function f to the integrated line absorption coefficient. This makes it the necessity to upgrade the Sobolev escape probability: p ij (τ S) → p ij (τ S · (1 + f)). We calculated the magnitude of the function f for different schemes of the hydrogen atom in the three-level approximation in terms of the field parameters. The electric field amplitudes are defined using the CMB distribution. We found that the contribution of f can be significant in some cases.

An open ferromagnetic Ashkin-Teller model with spin variables 0, ±1 is studied by standard Monte Carlo simulations on a square lattice in the presence of competing Glauber and Kawasaki dynamics. The Kawasaki dynamics simulates spin-exchange processes that continuously flow energy into the system from an external source. Our calculations reveal the presence, in the model, of tricritical points where first order and second order transition lines meet. Beyond that, several self-organized phases are detected when Kawasaki dynamics become dominant. Phase diagrams that comprise phase boundaries and stationary states have been determined in the model parameters’ space. In the case where spin-phonon interactions are incorporated in the model Hamiltonian, numerical results indicate that the paramagnetic phase is stabilized and almost all of the self-organized phases are destroyed.