Volume 94, Issue 1

Young chemists play an important role in the transformation of the chemical sector in the next couple of years. They will have to do the heavy lifting and find the solutions needed for a sustainable tomorrow. Therefore, it is important to give them a voice in what their expectations are, how they believe they should be educated and prepared, and what opportunities they see for implementation levels in different areas to promote sustainable development. To shed light on these often under-represented opinions, young chemists across the globe were asked to express their views on the role and responsibilities of the chemical sector anonymously. The result is a snapshot of how young chemists perceive the future of chemistry and the immediate actions that need to be taken to get there. Throughout all answers, their hopes are expressed that the chemical sector will realize its great role and responsibility in leading and promoting sustainable development, thus limiting global warming, through cooperation with authorities, other sectors, and civil society. In this regard, young chemists do have numerous specific ideas about appropriate measures and are eager to take part in shaping a sustainable future.

These recommendations are specifically for polymers and polymer systems showing a significant response to an electromagnetic field or one of its components (electric field or magnetic field), i.e., for electromagnetic-field-responsive polymer materials. The structures, processes, phenomena and quantities relating to this interdisciplinary field of materials science and technology are herein defined. Definitions are unambiguously explained and harmonized for wide acceptance by the chemistry, physics, polymer and materials science communities. A survey of typical electromagnetic-field-responsive polymers is included.

Henry’s law states that the abundance of a volatile solute dissolved in a liquid is proportional to its abundance in the gas phase. It applies at equilibrium and in the limit of infinite dilution of the solute. For historical reasons, numerous different definitions, names, and symbols are used in the literature to express the proportionality coefficient, denoted the “Henry’s law constant”. Here, a consistent set of recommendations is presented. An important distinction is made between two new recommended reciprocal quantities: “Henry’s law solubility constant” ( H s ) and “Henry’s law volatility constant” ( H v ). Eight recommended variants of H s and H v are described and relations among them presented.

This project was aimed to identify the quenching chemistry of biologically important reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS, including radicals), to show antioxidant action against reactive species through H‐atom and electron transfer reactions, and to evaluate the ROS/RNS scavenging activity of antioxidants with existing analytical methods while emphasizing the underlying chemical principles and advantages/disadvantages of these methods. In this report, we focused on the applications and impact of existing assays on potentiating future research and innovations to evolve better methods enabling a more comprehensive study of different aspects of antioxidants and to provide a vocabulary of terms related to antioxidants and scavengers for ROS/RNS. The main methods comprise the scavenging activity measurement of the hydroxyl radical (•OH), dioxide(•1–) (O 2 •– : commonly known as the superoxide radical), dihydrogen dioxide (H 2 O 2 : commonly known as hydrogen peroxide), hydroxidochlorine (HOCl: commonly known as hypochlorous acid), dioxidooxidonitrate(1–) (ONOO − : commonly known as the peroxynitrite anion), and the peroxyl radical (ROO•). In spite of the diversity of methods, there is currently a great need to evaluate the scavenging activity of antioxidant compounds in vivo and in vitro . In addition, there are unsatisfactory methods frequently used, such as non-selective UV measurement of H 2 O 2 scavenging, producing negative errors due to incomplete reaction of peroxide with flavonoids in the absence of transition metal ion catalysts. We also discussed the basic mechanisms of spectroscopic and electrochemical nanosensors for measuring ROS/RNS scavenging activity of antioxidants, together with leading trends and challenges and a wide range of applications. This project aids in the identification of reactive species and quantification of scavenging extents of antioxidants through various assays, makes the results comparable and more understandable, and brings a more rational basis to the evaluation of these assays and provides a critical evaluation of existing ROS/RNS scavenging assays to analytical, food chemical, and biomedical/clinical communities by emphasizing the need for developing more refined, rapid, simple, and low‐cost assays and thus opening the market for a wide range of analytical instruments, including reagent kits and sensors.