Volume 10, Issue 1

The paper provides an estimate of the latest relative and absolute rates of rise and accelerations of the sea levels for the East Coast of North America. The computation is based on the long-term trend (LTT) tide gauge records of the relative sea levels and the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) time series of the absolute position of fixed dome nearby the tide gauges. The GNSS result is used to infer the subsidence or uplift of the tide gauge instrument. The data of 33 LTT tide stations with more than 80 years of data are shown. The average relative sea-level rise is +2.22 mm/yr. subjected to a small, positive average acceleration of +0.0027 mm/yr 2 . The average absolute velocity of the tide gauge instruments is −0.52 mm/yr. translating in an average absolute sea-level rise of +1.70 mm/yr. This is the first paper publishing a comprehensive survey of the absolute sea-level rates of rise along the East Coast of North America using the reliable information of relative sea-level rates of rise from LTT tide gauges, plus the absolute subsidence rates from GNSS antennas that are close to the tide gauges installations.

In the production of ethelene glycol, graphene nanoparticles is inevitable and even suggested due to monomolecular layer of carbon atoms which are bounded like honey comb structure is known as graphene due to this structure, graphene has several types of exceptional and unique structural, optical and electronic properties. However, little is known on the enhancement of the transport phenomenon when Joule dissipation, inclined magnetic field, thermal jump and partial slip are apparent. With emphasis to the inherent aforementioned concepts together with heat source/sink and thermal radiation, this paper presents insight into the dynamics of unsteady Ethelene glycol conveying graphene nanoparticles through porous medium. The dimensional governing equation was non-dimenzionalized using fitting similarity variables and solved the dimensionless equations using Runge-Kutta Fehlberg algorithms along with the shooting technique. Also, a statistical method was implemented for multiple quadratic regression estimation analysis on the numerical figures of wall velocity gradient and local Nusselt number to establish the connection among heat transfer rate and physical parameters. Our numerical findings reveal that the magnetic field and porosity parameters boost the graphene Maxwell nanofluid velocity while Maxwell parameter has a reversal impact on it. The regression analysis confers that Nusselt number is more prone to heat absorption parameter as compared to Eckert number. The rate of heat transfer is higher in case of with slip compare to without slip flow in the presence of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation and unsteady parameter. The fluid velocity and temperature distribution is higher in without slip compare to with slip flow.

Due to its significant applications in physics, chemistry, and engineering, some interest has been given in recent years to research the boundary layer flow of magnetohydrodynamic nanofluids. The numerical results were analyzed for temperature profile, concentration profile, reduced number of Nusselt and reduced number of Sherwood. It has also been shown that the magnetic field, the Eckert number, and the thermophoresis parameter boost the temperature field and raise the thermal boundary layer thickness while the Prandtl number reduces the temperature field at high values and lowers the thermal boundary layer thickness. However, if Lewis number is higher than the unit and the Eckert number increases, the concentration profiles decrease as well. Ultimately, the concentration profiles are reduced for the variance of the Brownian motion parameter and the Eckert number, where the thickness of the boundary layer for the mass friction feature is reduced.

In this article, we present the Laguerre wavelet exact Parseval frame method (LWPM) for the two-dimensional flow of a rotating micropolar fluid in a porous channel with huge mass transfer. This flow is governed by highly nonlinear coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) are reduced to the nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using Berman's similarity transformation before being solved numerically by a Laguerre wavelet exact Parseval frame method. We also compared this work with the other methods in the literature available. Moreover, in the graphs of the velocity distribution and microrotation, we shown that the proposed scheme's solutions are more accurate and applicable than other existing methods in the literature. Numerical results explaining the effects of various physical parameters connected with the flow are discussed.

The aim of this paper is to introduce a novel study of obtaining exact solutions to the (2+1) - dimensional conformable KdV equation modeling the amplitude of the shallow-water waves in fluids or electrostatic wave potential in plasmas. The reduction of the governing equation to a simpler ordinary differential equation by wave transformation is the first step of the procedure. By using the improved tan ( φ /2)-expansion method (ITEM) and Jacobi elliptic function expansion method, exact solutions including the hyperbolic function solution, rational function solution, soliton solution, traveling wave solution, and periodic wave solution of the considered equation have been obtained. We achieve also a numerical solution corresponding to the initial value problem by conformable variational iteration method (C-VIM) and give comparative results in tables. Moreover, by using Maple, some graphical simulations are done to see the behavior of these solutions with choosing the suitable parameters.

The present work emphasizes the determination of the fundamental frequency of skew sandwich plates with orthotropic core and laminated facings using different design parameters. Finite elements CQUAD4 and CQUAD8 of MSC/NASTRAN are used for obtaining fundamental frequencies, which are validated against available literature results. The influence of the skew angle, the ratio of the length-to total thickness (a/h) of the sandwich plate, and the ratio of the thickness of the core to face sheet (t c /t h ) on the fundamental frequency of skew sandwich plates are studied. Also, the influence of parameters such as the number of layers in the face sheet, laminate sequence, and fiber orientation angle on the fundamental frequency of laminated skew sandwich plates have been studied. It is found that the CQUAD8 element yields better results than the CQUAD4 element in the present study. The fundamental frequencies are found to increase with the increasing skew angle. The variation in fundamental frequency is negligible when the number of layers is large in the face sheet.

In this paper, we investigate the effect of white noise on conformable time and space fractional KdV and BBM equations. For this purpose, we convert these equations with external noise to homogeneous conformable time and space fractional KdV and BBM equations with defined transformation and then we solve them by modified Kudryashov method. We bring our numerical results in some figures in the last section.

The square-root dynamics of smoking model with cravings to smoke, in which square root of potential smokers and smokers is the interaction term, has been studied. We categorized net population in four different chambers: non-smokers/potential smokers, smokers/infected people, non-permanent smokers/temporary quitters and the permanent quitters. By dynamical systems approach, we analyzed our model. Moreover, for proving the unique equilibrium point to be globally stable, we took help of graph theoretic approach. The sensitivity analysis of the model is performed through the diseased classes effectively to design reliable, robust and stable control strategies. The model is designed like optimal control trouble to find out importance of various control actions on our system that are insisted by the sensitivity analysis. We have applied two controls, which are the awareness campaign through the media transmission to control the potential smokers and temporary quit smokers to become smokers and the treatment of smokers. Analytical and numerical methods are utilized for ensuring presence of these two control actions.

Nonlinear biochemical systems such as the anaerobic digestion process experience the problem of the multi-stability phenomena, and thus, the dynamic spectrum of the system has several undesired equilibrium states. As a result, the selection of initial conditions and operating parameters to avoid such states is of importance. In this work, we present a data-driven approach, which relies on the generation of several system trajectories of the anaerobic digestion system and the construction of a data-driven Koopman operator to give a concise criterion for the classification of arbitrary initial conditions in the state space. Unlike other approximation methods, the criterion does not rely on difficult geometrical analysis of the identified boundaries to produce the classification.

Studies on Non-linear evolutionary equations have become more critical as time evolves. Such equations are not far-fetched in fluid mechanics, plasma physics, optical fibers, and other scientific applications. It should be an essential aim to find exact solutions of these equations. In this work, the Lie group theory is used to apply the similarity reduction and to find some exact solutions of a (3+1) dimensional nonlinear evolution equation. In this report, the groups of symmetries, Tables for commutation, and adjoints with infinitesimal generators were established. The subalgebra and its optimal system is obtained with the aid of the adjoint Table. Moreover, the equation has been reduced into a new PDE having less number of independent variables and at last into an ODE, using subalgebras and their optimal system, which gives similarity solutions that can represent the dynamics of nonlinear waves.

This article obtains optical solitons to the Biswas-Arshed equation for birefringent fibers with higher order dispersions and in the absence of four-wave mixing terms, in a media with Kerr type nonlinearity. Optical dark, singular and bright soliton solutions are articulated by applying an imaginative integration technique, the extended trial equation scheme. Various additional traveling wave solutions are produced with this integration technique, which include rational solutions, Jacobi elliptic function solutions and periodic singular solutions. From the mathematical analysis some constraints are recognized that ensure the actuality of solitons.

Numerous industrial processes such as continuous metal casting and polymer extrusion in metal spinning, include flow and heat transfer over a stretching surface. The theoretical investigation of magnetohydro-dynamic thermally radiative non-Darcy Nanofluid flows through a stretching surface is presented considering also the influences of thermal conductivity and Arrhenius activation energy. Buongiorno’s two-phase Nanofluid model is deployed in order to generate Thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects [1]. By similarity transformation technique, the transport equations and the respective boundary conditions are normalized and the relevant variable and concerned similarity solutions are presented to summarize the transpiration parameter. An appropriate Matlab software (Bvp4c) is used to obtain the numerical solutions. The graphical influence of various thermo physical parameters are inspected for momentum, energy and nanoparticle volume fraction distributions. Tables containing the Nusselt number, skin friction and Sherwood number are also presented and well argued. The present results are compared with the previous studies and are found to be well correlated and are in good agreement. The existing modelling approach in the presence of nanoparticles enhances the performance of thermal energy thermo-plastic devices.

Convective flow is a self-sustained flow with the effect of the temperature gradient. The density is nonuniform due to the variation of temperature. The effect of the magnetic flux plays a major role in convective flow. The process of heat transfer is accompanied by mass transfer process; for instance condensation, evaporation and chemical process. Due to the applications of the heat and mass transfer combined effects in different field, the main aim of this paper is to do comprehensive analysis of heat and mass transfer of MHD unsteady Oldroyd-B fluid in the presence of ramped conditions. The new governing equations of MHD Oldroyd-B fluid have been fractionalized by means of singular and non-singular differentiable operators. In order to have an accurate physical significance of imposed conditions on the geometry of Oldroyd-B fluid, the ramped temperature, concentration and velocity are considered. The fractional solutions of temperature, concentration and velocity have been investigated by means of integral transform and inversion algorithm. The influence of physical parameters and flow is analyzed graphically via computational software (MATHCAD-15). The velocity profile decreases by increasing the Prandtl number. The existence of a Prandtl number may reflect the control of the thickness and enlargement of the thermal effect. The classical calculus is assumed as the instant rate of change of the output when the input level changes. Therefore it is not able to include the previous state of the system called the memory effect. Due to this reason, we applied the modern definition of fractional derivatives. Obtained generalized results are very important due to their vast applications in the field of engineering and applied sciences.

In this work, we study the (2 + 1)-dimensional Date-Jimbo-Kashiwara-Miwa (DJKM) equation. We employ the extended tanh function method and the simple equation method to achieve analytical soliton solutions. Moreover, numerical treatment for this equation is introduced by the finite difference method. We justify the accuracy of the obtained results by exhibiting illustrative tables and proper graphs.

Our main intension behind this work is to investigate Prandtl-Eyring nanomaterial in presence of gyrotactic microorganisms. Flow is generated via stretching sheet and is subject to melting heat effect. Radiation and dissipation are addressed. Entropy rate is also reported. Nanofluid effects are explored through Buongiorno model for nanofluid by considering Brownian motion and thermophoresis impacts. Problem related modelling is done by obtaining PDEs and these PDEs are then transmitted into ODEs by using appropriate similarity variables. Homotopic technique has been employed to obtain a convergent series solution of the considered problem. Graphical results have been presented to investigate the impact of different prominent variables over fluid velocity, temperature distribution, nanofluid concentration and on microorganism concentration. Entropy analysis has been discussed and the physical quantities such as surface drag force, Nusselt number, local Sherwood number and microorganism density number for the current problem is obtained. Velocity boost against higher melting and fluid parameters. Temperature of the fluid reduces with an increment in melting and radiation parameters while it intensifies through Prandtl and Eckert number, Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters. Decay in concentration is noticed against higher values of melting and thermophoresis parameters while it increases for higher Schmidt number and Brownian motion parameter. Microorganism field boosts with higher values of Peclet number and microorganism concentration difference parameter. Moreover entropy generation rate intensifies against higher radiation parameter and Brickman number.

The importance of heat absorption and chemical reactions and their impact in engineering is increasingly appreciated. However, little is known about the effect of chemical reaction and heat absorption of ramped wall temperature and ramped surface concentration on a Casson fluid flow over a rapidly accelerated inclined Riga plate. The aim of the study, among other findings along an inclined Riga plate, is to address the impact of heat sink and chemical reaction over a ramped temperature and ramped surface concentration. By introducing relevant similarity variables, the dimensional governing equations are non-dimensionalized and parameterized. After that, the derived parameterized governing equations are solved analytically using the Laplace transform method. Graphs are used to discuss and analyse the effects of various physical parameters on momentum, energy, and concentration. The latest findings are verified by comparing them to previous results. Tables are also used to determine skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number expressions. Comparatively, it's worth noting that chemical reaction, Casson, and heat absorption parameters tend to escalate Skin friction for both ramped temperature and ramped surface concentration. Moreso, an increase in the chemical reaction and heat absorption parameters induces a decrease in the momentum distribution.

The complex structures usually depend upon unconstrained and constrained simply supported beams because the passive damping is applied to control vibrations or dissipate acoustic energies involved in aerospace and automotive industries. This manuscript aims to present an analytic study of a simply supported beam based on the modern fractional approaches namely Caputo-Fabrizio and Atanagna-Baleanu fractional differential operators. The governing equation of motion is fractionalized for knowing the vivid effects of principal parametric resonances. The powerful techniques of Laplace and Fourier sine transforms are invoked for investigating the exact solutions with fractional and non-fractional approaches. The analytic solutions are presented in terms of elementary as well as special functions and depicted for graphical illustration based on embedded parameters. Finally, effects of the amplitude of vibrations and the natural frequency are discussed based on the sensitivities of dynamic characteristics of simply supported beam.

This paper studied the mechanical performance of aerated concrete and its bonding performance with glass fiber grille, and explores the influence of aluminum powder and aluminum powder on mechanical performance and bonding performance. The results showed that the compressive strength of aerated concrete decreased with the increase of aluminum powder content, while it first increased and then decreased with the increase of ferrosilicon alloy powder content. The failure modes of specimens were fiber fracture failure, and the fibers were not pulled out from the aerated concrete. It can provide a theoretical basis for the application of aerated concrete and glass fiber in engineering.

A study has been carried for a viscous, incompressible electrically conducting MHD blood flow with temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and viscosity through a stretching surface in the presence of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and chemical reaction. The flow is subjected to a uniform transverse magnetic field normal to the flow. The governing coupled partial differential equations are converted into a set of non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODE) using similarity analysis. The resultant non-linear coupled ordinary differential equations are solved numerically using the boundary value problem solver (bvp4c) in MATLAB with a convincible accuracy. The effects of the physical parameters such as viscosity parameter (μ(T˜b)) \left({\mu ({{\tilde T}_b})} \right) , permeability parameter ( β ), magnetic field parameter ( M ), Local Grashof number ( Gr ) for thermal diffusion, Local modified Grashof number for mass diffusion ( Gm ), the Eckert number ( Ec ), the thermal conductivity parameter (K(T˜b)) \left({K({{\tilde T}_b})} \right) on the velocity, temperature, concentration profiles, skin-friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are presented graphically. The physical visualization of flow parameters that appeared in the problem is discussed with the help of various graphs to convey the real life application in industrial and engineering processes. A comparison has been made with previously published work and present study revels the good agreement with the published work. This study will be helpful in the clinical healing of pathological situations accompanied by accelerated circulation.

Computational and travelling wave solutions provide significant improvements in accuracy and characterize novelty of imposed techniques. In this context, computational and travelling wave solutions have been traced out for Tzitzéica and Dodd-Bullough-Mikhailov equations by means of (1/ G′ )-expansion method. The different types of solutions have constructed for Tzitzéica and Dodd-Bullough-Mikhailov equations in hyperbolic form. Moreover, solution function of Tzitzéica and Dodd-Bullough-Mikhailov equations has been derived in the format of logarithmic nature. Since both equations contain exponential terms so the solutions produced are expected to be in logarithmic form. Traveling wave solutions are presented in different formats from the solutions introduced in the literature. The reliability, effectiveness and applicability of the (1/ G′ )-expansion method produced hyperbolic type solutions. For the sake of physical significance, contour graphs, two dimensional and three dimensional graphs have been depicted for stationary wave. Such graphical illustration has been contrasted for stationary wave verses traveling wave solutions. Our graphical comparative analysis suggests that imposed method is reliable and powerful method for obtaining exact solutions of nonlinear evolution equations.

In this work, a new iterative algorithm is presented to solve autonomous n -dimensional fractional nonlinear systems analytically. The suggested scheme is combination of two methods; the Laplace transform and the residual power series. The methodology of this algorithm is presented in details. For the accuracy and effectiveness purposes, two numerical examples are discussed. Finally, the impact of the fractional order acting on these autonomous systems is investigated using graphs and tables.

Since the effect of the irregularity in height of medium and tall structures has a great influence on lateral behavior of structures and it also affects the design of the sections, in this study, various scenarios of sudden column removal in different locations of steel structures with and without geometric irregularities in height have been investigated. The Alternate load Path Method (APM), Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis (NDA), and OpenSees software were used to investigate 10, 15 and 20-story buildings with three types of irregularity in four different column removal scenarios. The results show that increasing the irregularity in height increases the response of the structure. Also, the response of the structure to the sudden removal of columns in short buildings is greater than high-rise buildings. In other words, as the floors and elements in the buildings decreases, the potential for the progressive failure, increases.

In this research paper, displacement, stresses and strains are presented for rotating FGM disk with variable thickness by using finite element method (FEM). Thermo-elastic material properties and thickness of FGM disk continuously vary as exponential and power law function in radial direction along radius of disk. The value of Poisson's ratio is taken as constant. The problem of thermo-elasticity is converted into second order governing differential equation in terms of radial coordinate. This conversion is based upon equilibrium equation for disk and stress-strain relationship. The influence of variable thickness, angular velocity and functionally graded materials is discussed on thermo-elastic characteristics of rotating disk for exponential variation of material properties. Further, these thermo-elastic characteristics of disk are plotted for various values of non-homogeneity parameter under power law distribution of material properties. Thus, the investigations done in this research paper may be useful for industrial area in construction an appropriate FGM disk by controlling above mentioned parameters.

To model complex real world problems, the novel concept of non-local fractal-fractional differential and integral operators with two orders (fractional order and fractal dimension) have been used as mathematical tools in contrast to classical derivatives and integrals. In this paper, we consider Bloch equations with fractal-fractional derivatives. We find the general solutions for components of magnetization ℳ = ( M u , M v , M w ) by using descritization and Lagrange's two step polynomial interpolation. We analyze the model with three different kernels namely power function, exponential decay function and Mittag-Leffler type function. We provide graphical behaviour of magnetization components ℳ = ( M u , M v , M w ) on different orders. The examination of Bloch equations with fractal-fractional derivatives show new aspects of Bloch equations.

Contemporary investigation studies the silent features of the dissipative free convection couple stress fluid flow over a cylinder under the action of magnetic field, thermal radiation and porous medium with chemical reaction effect. Present two-dimensional viscous incompressible physical model is designed based on the considered flow geometry. Present physical problem gives the highly complicated nonlinear coupled partial differential equations (PDE's) which are not amenable to any of the known techniques. Thus, unconditionally stable, most accurate and speed converging with flexible finite difference implicit technique is utilized to simplify the dimensionless flow field equations. It is apparent from the current results that; the velocity profiles are diminished with enhancing values of magnetic field. Temperature profile increases with enhancing values of thermal radiation parameter. Velocity contours deviates away from the wall with enhancing magnetic parameter. Also, the effects of magnetic field, porous medium, thermal radiation, chemical reaction, buoyancy ratio parameter and Eckert number on couple stress flow velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are studied. However, the present study has good number of applications in the various fields of engineering such as; polymer processing, solidification of liquid crystals, colloidal solutions, synovial joints, geophysics, chemical engineering, astrophysics and nuclear reactors etc. Finally, the current solutions are validated with the available results in the literature review and found to be in good agreement.

In this article, (2+1)-dimensional Ito equation that models waves motion on shallow water surfaces is analyzed for exact analytic solutions. Two reliable techniques involving the simplest equation and modified simplest equation algorithms are utilized to find exact solutions of the considered equation involving bright solitons, singular periodic solitons, and singular bright solitons. These solutions are also described graphically while taking suitable values of free parameters. The applied algorithms are effective and convenient in handling the solution process for Ito equation that appears in many phenomena.

There is no denying fact that harmonic crystals, cold plasma or liquids and compressible fluids are usually dependent of acoustic-gravity waves, acoustic waves, hydromagnetic waves, surface waves with long wavelength and few others. In this context, the exact solutions of the modified Camassa-Holm equation have been successfully constructed on the basis of comparative analysis of ( G ′ / G − 1 / G ) and (1 / G ′)-expansion methods. The ( G ′ / G − 1 / G ) and (1 / G ′)-expansion methods have been proved to be powerful and systematic tool for obtaining the analytical solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations so called modified Camassa-Holm equation. The solutions investigated via ( G ′ / G − 1 / G ) and (1 / G ′)-expansion methods have remarkably generated trigonometric, hyperbolic, complex hyperbolic and rational traveling wave solutions. For the sake of different traveling wave solutions, we depicted 3-dimensional, 2-dimensional and contour graphs subject to the specific values of the parameters involved in the governing equation. Two methods, which are important instruments in generating traveling wave solutions in mathematics, were compared both qualitatively and quantitatively. In addition, advantages and disadvantages of both methods are discussed and their advantages and disadvantages are revealed.

Numerous forms of dampers are used to eliminate the vibrations in transmission lines. In the contemporaneous editorial, a survey has been done on vibrations monitoring and anti-vibration of overhead transmission line of transmission lines having multiple dampers for dissimilar cable sizes. To investigate the outcome of the position of dampers on extreme strains created in the line. A comprehensive survey of the extreme strains created is also made for several wind power input conventions. A finite element technique is used to measure the frequency and manner figures of the cable with and without a damper. The response of the bare conductor, loaded conductor, the conductor for various dampers’ location is also studied. Spoilers and torsional dampers are maximum actual in diminishing electrode galloping, while dampers are quite the utmost effectual plans for aeolian shakings and spiral dampers are admirable for identical lesser width of electrodes.

Vibration signal diagnosis and analysis plays an important role in the industrial machinery since it enhances the machinery performance under supervision. The information regarding the future condition is given by vibration diagnosis techniques which is growing interest for the scientific and industrial communities. Information for failure diagnostic and prediction are provided by the motor vibration through signal processing. The development of mechanical systems fault prognosis and in the last decades, research is done at a very rapid rate. The examination of vibration signal monitoring is done in this paper with the aid of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and Cloud Technology (CT). The machines maintenance strategies are implemented by using the data collected from machines which are based on the fault prognosis. The cloud computing platform is presented in this paper which is having three layers and the unlabelled data is received to generate an interpreted online decision. Feature extraction of the vibration signal is obtained in terms of range, mean value, root mean square value, and standard deviation and crest values. The performance of the model is evaluated by utilizing the classical statistical metrics such as RMSE Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of the vibration signal. It is obtained that the proposed technique is 25% and 90% better than the Adaptive Neurofuzzy Inference System and the Single Modeling System respectively in terms of RMSE. The performance in terms of MAPE, then the proposed technique outperforms the existing Adaptive Neurofuzzy Inference System and the Single Modeling System by 8 % and 60% respectively. The presented technique is better than the existing Adaptive Neurofuzzy Inference System and the Single Modeling techniques by average of 15% and 30 % respectively.

Many important natural phenomena of wave propagations are modeled by Eikonal equations and a variety of new methods are needed to solve them. The differential quadrature method (DQM) is an effective numerical method for solving the system of differential equations that can achieve accurate numerical results using fewer grid points and therefore requires relatively little computational effort. In this paper, we focus on the implementation of the non-smooth Eikonal optimization by using a hybrid of polynomial differential quadrature (PDQ) or Fourier differential quadrature (FDQ) method and sub-gradients idea. Our goal is to develop a new Eikonal equation system design for wave propagation equations, as well as the efficiency and accuracy of new grid points to reduce errors and compare errors in various physical equation problems, especially wave propagation equations, and achieve their convergence. We explore the accuracy and stability of the Eikonal equation system by two-dimensional and three-dimensional numerical examples and the use of three types of grid points in a comprehensive manner. This article aims to create a new and innovative solution to the non-smooth Eikonal equation system. This new method is much more efficient and effective than traditional numerical solution methods same as DQ.

Lane change maneuvers are essential on car trips. Drivers change lanes to follow the desired route to reach their destination or improve their driving condition or level of service. To change lanes, a driver must consider several factors that affect safety. Due to the lack of appropriate data and consequently the lack of appropriate models to determine the number of lane-changes on the road (as an influential factor in accidents), this study attempts to collect proper data in a new way. Thus, the Qazvin-Karaj freeway was selected as the case study. After installing the imaging cameras and performing the image processing, SPSS and Expert Design statistical software were used to model development. The Brownian motion model was also used to construct the driver change lane model. The results showed that logarithmic model number 2 reported a better coefficient of determination than other models with a value of 0.472. Then models 3 and 9 were ranked with R 2 of 0.451 and 0.442, respectively. Also, the Expert Design model with R 2 (0.786) could have a better fit. The value of the response variable ( N ch + 0.52) 0.74 was obtained three-dimensionally against the changes of distance from the front vehicle ( D f ) and distance from the rear vehicle ( D b ). Variable values of distance from the front car and distance from the rear vehicle have more effective values on the number of lane changes than left and right distance values. The observed and Brownian data had a slight mean difference (0.018), and also, the standard deviation was so small. Also, the correlation in this data pair is 0.912, which is a suitable value and indicates a slight difference between the outputs of the Brownian model and the observations.

This study represents a numerical analysis of stress and strain in the functionally graded material (FGM) hollow cylinder subjected to two different temperature profiles and inhomogeneity parameter. The thermo-mechanical properties of a cylinder are assumed to vary continuously as power law function along the radial coordinate of a cylinder. Based on equilibrium equation, Hooke's law, stress-strain relationship in the cylinders, and other theories from mechanics second order differential equation is obtained that represents the thermoelastic field in hollow FGM cylinder. To find a numerical solution of governing differential equation, the finite element method (FEM) with standard discretization approach is used. The analysis of numerical results reveals that stress and strain in the FGM cylinder are significantly depend upon variation made in temperature profile and inhomogeneity parameter n . The results show good agreement with results available in the literature. It is shown that thermoelastic characteristics of the FGM cylinder are controlled by controlling the value of the above discussed parameters. Moreover, these results are very useful in various fields of engineering and science as FGM cylinders have a wide range of applications in these fields.

In this piece of research, our aim is to investigate the novel solitons solutions of nonlinear (4+1)-dimensional Fokas equation (FE) and (2+1)-dimensional Breaking soliton equation (BSE) via new extended direct algebraic method. New acquired solutions are bright, singular, dark, periodic singular, combined dark-bright and combined dark-singular solitons along with hyperbolic and trigonometric functions solutions. We achieved different kinds of solitons solutions contain key applications in engineering and physics. By taking the appropriate values of these parameters, numerous novel structures are also plotted. These solutions define the wave performance of the governing models, actually. Furthermore, the physical understanding of the acquired solutions is revealed in forms of 3-D, 2-D and contour graphs for different appropriate parameters. From results, we conclude that the applied computational method is straight, talented and can be applied in more complex phenomena for such models.

Due to the complicated working conditions of the ship stern-shaft mechanical seals, it is very difficult to evaluate and optimize the temperature on the sealed end faces. In the paper, one FEA model of the small taper convergent stern-shaft mechanical seals was put forward, and the nonlinear end-face liquid film pressure distribution was derived from different end-face gaps based on the simplified Reynolds equation as the end-face input parameters in FEA model. To prove the correction of the FEA results, one experiment was designed and completed. At the same time, combined with a parametrically coupled FEA model and an orthogonal experimental design, one PSO-BP-GA method based on the combination of particle swarm optimization (PSO), BP neural network and genetic algorithm (GA) was proposed to optimize the temperature of the sealed end faces. The results show that aiming at the prediction accuracy of the temperature on the sealed end faces, the PSO-BP algorithm is higher than BP algorithm and GA-BP algorithm, which error interval is shortened about 40% and 29%, respectively. Subsequently, PSO-BP-GA algorithm is obviously better than BP-GA algorithm and GA-BP-GA algorithm, which validates its effectiveness and feasibility. It will help to lay a theoretical foundation for temperature evaluation on the sealed end faces.

Cavitation in ball valve was numerically investigated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling and then validated against results gained through experiments. The experiment was carried out in an assembly unit of the automotive industry to analyze flow patterns. The effect of bubbles on other thermophysical properties of the fluid was also examined using the multiphase k-ϵ viscous model in ANSYS FLUENT. The impact of changes in inlet pressure on vapor fraction was visualized through simulations and validated against experimental data, cavitation was calculated via cavitation index equation. It was observed that cavitation values ranged from 0.51 to 0.84 through computational fluid dynamics and from 0.46 to 0.80 in the experiment. Moreover, fluctuations in Turbulence Kinetic Energy (TKE) in the fluid through the boundary layers in the valve region, deformation in fluid particles in the form of Strain Rate (SR), and variations in the value of Wall Shear Stress (WSS) of the valve's internal walls were also studied through numerical simulations. The results show the pressure just before the valve drops and result in cavitation. Besides, turbulence kinetic energy, shear stress on the walls of a valve, strain rate, and fluid velocity were gradually increased at inlet pressure resulting erosion in the ball valve.

Urbanization is giving rise to the number of challenges due to its matchless soaring proportion in scenario of management and public welfare. Difference types of buffers are utilized globally depending upon the area of action and purpose to protect development sites from external harms and to avoid factors resulting inequalities from outer boundaries, for instance population growth and development. Effects of urbanization on urban fringes and the land use changes have been conducted for their inter-relation purposiveness to maintain fringes approaching buffer. In this context, this paper studies the different types of buffers to identify their necessity and implications for exploring the appropriate buffer as a conservation approach. In order to deal with the urban boundaries of Hyderabad (delineation of urban fringes), the conversion of agriculture land into residential area due to urbanization have been analyzed. Sample questionnaire survey and analysis were conducted using ANOVA with the help of SPSS 20.0, Arc GIS 10.1 based maps. Resultantly, our findings open new dimension in understanding the buffers implementations on the basis of ANOVA testing observation. To conclude this analysis, it is observed that riparian tree buffer is strongly suggested in comparison with other employed types of buffers for designing land use plans.

Hybrid nanofluid, which is a combination of Propylene Glycol (PG) – Water (H 2 O) admixture and paraffin wax and sand, may be utilized as a standby for PG and (H 2 O) blend in solar thermal framework. Objective of this article is the exploration of the dissipative flow propylene-glycol and water mixture based hybrid nanofluid by a sphere with chemical reaction and heat source parameters. MATLAB in-built solver bvp4c is utilized to exhibit the impacts of various parameters on regular profiles including temperature. Correlation coefficient is utilized to elucidate the impact of pertinent parameters on engineering parameters of concern, such as, surface friction factor. Main findings of this work are magnetic field is having a negative association with friction factor and chemical reaction is consuming a significant positive relationship with Sherwood number. It is witnessed that heat source and Eckert number are useful to meliorate the fluid temperature. Furthermore, validation is performed among our results and earlier published outcomes. Good agreement is detected.

Recently, researchers are investing more fervently in fault diagnosis area of electrical machines. The users and manufacturers of these various efforts are strong to contain diagnostic features in software for improving reliability and scalability. Internet of Things (IoT) has grown immensely and contributing for the development of recent technological advancements in industries, medical and various environmental applications. It provides efficient processing power through cloud, and presents various new opportunities for industrial automation by implementing IoT and industrial wireless sensor networks. The process of regular monitoring enables early detection of machine faults and hence beneficial for Industrial automation by providing efficient process control. The performance of fault detection and its classification by implementing machine-learning algorithms highly dependent on the amount of features involved. The accuracy of classification will adversely affect by the dimensionality features increment. To address these problems, the proposed work presents the extraction of relevant features based on oriented sport vector machine (FO-SVM). The proposed algorithm is capable for extracting the most relevant feature set and hence presenting the accurate classification of faults accordingly. The extraction of most relevant features before the process of classification results in higher classification accuracy. Moreover it is observed that the lesser dimensionality of propose process consumes less time and more suitable for cloud. The experimental analysis based on the implementation of proposed approach provides and solution for the monitoring of machine condition and prediction of fault accurately based on cloud platform using industrial wireless sensor networks and IoT service.

The demand to improve image display in TFT-LCD, implementation of design for image processing is important. In order to meet the specific requirements of low-end Thin Film Transistor-Liquid-Crystal-Display (TFT-LCD) image display. This paper adopts a novel algorithm to conduct subsequent processing of the medical image after SCALER scaling, including contrast adjustment, gamma correction and dithering. Dithering algorithm is the focus of our research. After the study of some classical video image processing algorithms, and considering the real-time requirements, an intelligent algorithm is implemented for hardware implementation and improvement. For each part, MATLAB language is firstly used for advanced simulation to verify its feasibility, and then Right-To-Left (RTL) hardware language description is carried out. The characteristics extraction from images is performed implementing RGB standard and grayscale images. The pixel intensity is analyzed for each RGB component and the variance is calculated. When a panel displays a variation of 6% related with their reference values, the panel is rejected. The results obtained from classification shows a 95.24% accuracy rate in the detection of defects. The results of the two simulations show that the design achieves the expected goal, and the processing time is shorter.

The speed sensor fusion of urban rail transit train speed ranging based on deep learning builds a user-friendly structure but it in-turn increases the risk of traffic that significantly challenges its safety and transportation efficacy. In order to improve the operation safety and transportation efficiency of urban rail transit trains, a train speed ranging system based on embedded multi-sensor information is proposed in this article. The status information of the train is acquired by the axle speed sensor and the Doppler radar speed sensor; however, the query transponder collects the status information of the train, and is used in the embedded system. Various other modules like adaptive correction, idling/sliding detection and compensation of speed transition/sliding are used in the proposed methodology to reduce the vehicle speed positioning errors due to factors such as wheel wear, idling, sliding, and environment. The results show that the running time of the train is 1000s, the output period of the axle speed sensor is 0.005s and the accelerometer output period is 0.01s. The output cycle of doppler radar is observed to be 0.1s, the output cycle of the transponder is 1s and the fusion period of the main filter is observed as 1s. The train speed ranging system of the embedded multi-sensor information fusion system proposed in this article can effectively improve the accuracy of the train speed positioning.

An interesting quadratic fractional integral equation is investigated in this work via a generalized Mittag-Leffler (ML) function. The generalized ML–Hyers–Ulam stability is established in this investigation. We study both of the Hyers–Ulam stability (HUS) and ML–Hyers–Ulam–Rassias stability (ML-HURS) in detail for our proposed differential equation (DEq). Our proposed technique unifies various differential equations’ classes. Therefore, this technique can be further applied in future research works with applications to science and engineering.

Advancement in engineering provides various improvement in quality life while taking consideration of important factors for safety and environment. The use of mower food maintenance of land it is very common across several parts of the world with some frequent noise generated through its operation. This article is an attempt to study the noise and frequency generated through the vibrations of mower blade. In this study, an integrated design for designing, testing and developing mower blade that generates less noise is presented. For designing efficient blade that produces less noise, we have implemented various engineering approaches such as rapid product design, process of re-engineering and reverse engineering. The simulation of the designed blade is carried out through CAD software where the design prototype is analysed for its performance. The outcomes of the prototype are tested through simulation and its performance is compared for the determination of success of proposed design at different variations in frequency level. It is observed through the experimentation that the noise and vibration differences are generated through load carrying vehicles, mowers with riding capacity and simple mowers. From the analysis, mower with riding capacity is observed as safest among all other types of machines.

For conceptual analysis of the principle of relay vibration protection, this article establishes the simulation system model of directional current protection in MATLAB/Simulink environment through the protection algorithm. Various outcomes have been achieved for the proposed approach during the faulty conditions. The outcomes obtained during the fault period reveals that the waveform of three-phase current changes greatly, and the amplitude of three-phase current at power supply side increases sharply. After 0.02s signal acquisition and processing, the action signal acts after 0.07s, and the fault is removed. In case of two-phase short-circuit, two-phase grounding short-circuit and other faults, the fault can be removed smoothly after signal acquisition and processing. In this paper, the directional current protection simulation system based on microcomputer protection model is built, and the changes of voltage, current and action signal are demonstrated through GUI interface, and analyzed and verified.

The practicality of online calibration algorithms in actual autonomous driving scenarios is enhanced by proposing an online calibration method for intelligent networked automotive lidar and camera based on depth-edge matching. The initial values of external parameters are estimated and calculated through hand-eye calibration. The solution of hand-eye calibration is optimized and accurate external parameters are obtained through data conversion. The CMA-ES algorithm is utilized to optimize the optimized parameters which are further compared with the conventional method based on edge matching. It is found that the provided frames of data, the external parameters can be appropriately improved by the method in this paper, and the algorithm congregates in about 1000 seconds. However, the conventional method cannot optimize the parameters correctly when there are only 2 frames of data. The rotation error of most results of this method is between 0.1° and 0.8°, and the translation error is between 0.02m and 0.06m. Compared with other representative algorithms of various methods, the errors in all aspects are more balanced and there is no outstanding error value.

To solve the problems of large mechanical powertrain such as complex structure, serious accident, strong nonlinear characteristics of running state, bad operating environment, non-Gaussian noise, and various uncertain factors, it is difficult to make an accurate fault diagnosis. This paper proposes a method for dealing with nonlinear characteristics using nuclear waves, as well as a system, deeply conducted nuclear base fault feature extraction, classification, and decision making, such as nuclear base state trend prediction technology research, focusing on exploring and improving the accuracy of fault diagnosis under nonlinear conditions, technical method, and way to state prediction accuracy. It offers effective technical assistance for the advancement and use of mechanical power train monitoring and diagnosis technology. A fault detection method based on kernel method is proposed. Based on the characteristics of this method in dealing with nonlinear problems, the research on kernel feature extraction, kernel fault classification and decision making, and kernel state trend prediction are carried out systematically. The experimental results show that the simulation analysis of typical chaotic time series prediction and the application of the operation state prediction of a certain ship main steam turbine unit have achieved good results, among which the average relative error of the single-step prediction of the unit state is 1.7881%, and the average relative error of the 30-step prediction is 3.3983%. Proved that the nuclear methods systematically applied to mechanical power transmission system fault diagnosis and state prediction, effectively enhancing some traditional methods and techniques dealing with nonlinear feature extraction, the nonlinear prediction capability for fault identification, and nonlinear state, to deal with nonlinear fault diagnosis problems of engineering practice, a large number of explored effective solution.

To solve the problem of long logistics delivery time in supply chain, a Mixed Integer Non-linear Program (MINLP) model is built by using Mixed Integer nonlinear programming theory. Firstly, the General algebraic modeling system (GAMS) is used to build the model to fully integrate each parameter of logistics transportation, the total distribution time of the supply chain network, the coverage radius of the logistics base, the number of users, the total capacity of the logistics base, the mode of railway and road transportation, the nonlinear programming model is built and solved by DICOPT solver in GAMS. The cost of logistics can be decreased, transportation time can be reduced, and the logistics system's operating efficiency can be increased in the long term with the help of this algorithm. The proper operation of the logistics system is critical in encouraging the supply chain circulation of various industries and has a direct impact on the society's economic development. The optimal logistics distribution plan with 5 logistics bases covered users of 18 and railway capacity of 2. With the same railway capacity and the same total budget, the larger the number of covered users, the greater the total distribution time increases, but the larger the total budget, the growth of the total distribution time slows down significantly. Experiments show that MINLP model can solve the problem of logistics-based layout optimization in nonlinear logistics management.

To overcome the problem of energy losses in the electrical circuits and to improve the energy conversion efficiency, it is necessary to increase the power switch frequency and reduce the open resistance of the power switch. Moreover, based on energy saving, failure protection, circuit design and other aspects of the research of enhanced devices are also essential, a new static and dynamic model of GaN power transistor is proposed, and the steady-state and dynamic characteristics of GaN power transistors are simulated and tested. The GaN power transistor used in the test has a constant voltage of 450 V and a current of 4 A. By changing the driving power U, G (take 2, 3, 4V) and the stray inductance L s (take 2 μH, 5 μH), the switching characteristics of the simulation model were studied, and the simulation was carried out by changing the absorption capacitance C c (select 1.5 μF and 3.0 μF). This proposed simulation model can be used to analyze the protection effect of the buffer circuit under various stray inductors and help to guide the design of the buffer circuit. The simulation results of the static and dynamic models of the new GaN power transistor agree well with the experimental results. With the increase of U g , the opening speed is faster, but the turn-off delay is longer. With the increase of L s , the peak of the turn-off voltage increases. After increasing the absorption capacitance, the peak voltage during the turnoff is limited to the rated voltage, and the buffer circuit plays a protective role and the greater the C c , the better the protection. The simulation results are consistent with the theoretical analysis, which verifies the effectiveness of the model.

It is necessary to study the seismic problem of buildings and structures for various safety reasons. Such as prevent and to reduce the damage caused by earthquakes to the greatest extent possible, research feasible analysis methods, and simulate the performance of the structure under earthquake action by computer, to keep its design performance in future earthquake action, and to ensure the safety of people's lives and property. The seismic design based on nonlinear vibration control is proposed. SAP2000 structure analysis software is used to establish the seismic structure model, foundation isolation model, and floor isolation model of a 15-story large chassis frame structure, the nonlinear time-history analysis of the three models under the action of multiple and rare earthquakes is carried out, and the period, displacement and acceleration of the isolated structure and the aseismatic structure are compared. The results show that, under the action of multiple earthquakes, the base shear of foundation isolation is 1208.06 kN, and the floor isolation is 926.43 kN, which are 0.37 and 0.3 of the base shears of the aseismatic structure, respectively. Under the action of rare earthquakes, the base-isolation shear is 4039.59 kN, and the story isolation shear is 3119.99 kN, which are, respectively, 0.4 and 0.31 of the base-isolation shears of the aseismatic structure. This method provides a reliable evaluation for nonlinear seismic response analysis of large complex high-rise buildings and provides an effective reference.

To solve the problem of large difference degree in multi-dimensional urban landscape design, a multidimensional urban landscape design method based on nonlinear theory is proposed. Research on multidimensional nonlinear landscape design methods in improving the rationality of architectural landscape design and improving the living environment is important for optimizing the structure of multidimensional nonlinear landscape design and improving the effect of urban landscape design. Firstly, according to the input and output data of the system, the multidimensional nonlinear landscape image is sampled, the virtual scene space visual planning method is used to simulate the parameters of the multidimensional nonlinear landscape design, and the block detection method is used to reconstruct the region of the multidimensional nonlinear landscape image. Combined with RGB feature decomposition method, the parameter vectorized feature extraction of multidimensional nonlinear landscape design was carried out, and the parameterized model of multidimensional nonlinear landscape view was extracted. Based on the parameterized model method, the multidimensional nonlinear landscape design is realized, and the quantitative analysis ability of multidimensional nonlinear landscape design is improved. The simulation results show that the mean of regression standard deviation is 0.567, the standard value is 0.753, and the F-test value is 0.655. Therefore, the visual feature expression ability of multidimensional nonlinear landscape design using the proposed method is better and the effect of landscape design is improved.

The basic task of railway signal work is to ensure safe and smooth transportation, improve transportation capacity, and improve transportation conditions and quality. Since it carries important information and control technology; it must be characterized by high security and high reliability. To address the aforementioned issues, this study uses a nonlinear technique to provide high-precision real-time detection of frequency shift signal parameters, based on an investigation of the sources of spectrum leakage in the FFT transformation. It not only reduces the sampling time but also the computation time when compared to the nonlinear method. This paper presents a frequency shift track circuit parameter based on nonlinear algorithm, studies the application of frequency shift signal parameter detection based on nonlinear algorithm, and simulates it with MATLAB. The experimental results show that the errors of center frequency, low frequency, and frequency offset are distributed in the range of ±0.05 Hz, ±0.005 Hz and ±0.15 Hz, respectively, which meet the parameters of frequency shift signal. The algorithm can meet the requirement of technical indexes and shorten the sampling time, which provides a theoretical basis for the design of the real-time frequency shift signal parameter tester.